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Estimating a covariance matrix and its associated principal components is a fundamental problem in contemporary statistics. While optimal estimation procedures have been developed with well-understood properties, the increasing demand for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-30 T. Tony Cai , Dong Xia , Mengyue Zha

Principal component analysis (PCA) is widely used for dimensionality reduction, with well-documented merits in various applications involving high-dimensional data, including computer vision, preference measurement, and bioinformatics. In…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-10-01 Gonzalo Mateos , Georgios B. Giannakis

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a cardinal technique for obtaining combinations of features, or principal components (PCs), that explain the variance of high-dimensional datasets in an interpretable manner. This involves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Ryan Cory-Wright , Jean Pauphilet

Principal component analysis (PCA) is perhaps the most widely used method for data dimensionality reduction. A key question in PCA is deciding how many factors to retain. This manuscript describes a new approach to automatically selecting…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enes Makalic , Daniel F. Schmidt

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique used to decorrelate a set of vectors. It has been applied to explore the star formation history of galaxies or to determine distances of mass-lossing stars. Here we apply PCA to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-23 Stavros Akras , Panayotis Boumis

Astronomy has evolved almost exclusively by the use of spectroscopic and imaging techniques, operated separately. With the development of modern technologies it is possible to obtain datacubes in which one combines both techniques…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 J. E. Steiner , R. B. Menezes , T. V. Ricci , A. S. Oliveira

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a well-known technique for approximating a tabular data set by a low rank matrix. Here, we extend the idea of PCA to handle arbitrary data sets consisting of numerical, Boolean, categorical, ordinal,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-06 Madeleine Udell , Corinne Horn , Reza Zadeh , Stephen Boyd

Often the relation between the variables constituting a multivariate data space might be characterized by one or more of the terms: ``nonlinear'', ``branched'', ``disconnected'', ``bended'', ``curved'', ``heterogeneous'', or, more general,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-09-12 Jochen Einbeck , Ludger Evers , Coryn Bailer-Jones

We demonstrate how galaxy morphologies can be represented by weighted sums of "eigengalaxies" and how eigengalaxies can be used in a probabilistic framework to enable principled and simplified approaches in a variety of applications.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-09-09 Emir Uzeirbegovic , James E. Geach , Sugata Kaviraj

Principal component analysis (PCA) is by far the most widespread tool for unsupervised learning with high-dimensional data sets. Its application is popularly studied for the purpose of exploratory data analysis and online process…

Applications · Statistics 2019-02-12 Stefania Russo , Guangyu Li , Kris Villez

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most commonly used statistical procedures with a wide range of applications. This paper considers both minimax and adaptive estimation of the principal subspace in the high dimensional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-01-08 T. Tony Cai , Zongming Ma , Yihong Wu

This paper proposes a probabilistic model of subspaces based on the probabilistic principal component analysis (PCA). Given a sample of vectors in the embedding space -- commonly known as a snapshot matrix -- this method uses quantities…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Akash Yadav , Ruda Zhang

In this paper, we consider the problem of forming machine cell in cellular manufacturing (CM). The major problem in the design of a CM system is to identify the part families and machine groups and consequently to form manufacturing cells.…

Applications · Statistics 2008-12-18 Wafik Hachicha , Faouzi Masmoudi , Mohamed Haddar

Performance of nuclear threat detection systems based on gamma-ray spectrometry often strongly depends on the ability to identify the part of measured signal that can be attributed to background radiation. We have successfully applied a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-30 P. Tandon , P. Huggins , A. Dubrawski , S. Labov , K. Nelson

Probabilistic principal component analysis (PPCA) seeks a low dimensional representation of a data set in the presence of independent spherical Gaussian noise. The maximum likelihood solution for the model is an eigenvalue problem on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Alfredo Kalaitzis , Neil Lawrence

We introduce Adaptive Subspace PCA (AS-PCA), a framework for principal component analysis of random elements in a general separable Hilbert space. AS-PCA projects the covariance operator onto a data-adaptive finite-dimensional subspace…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Xinyi Li , Margaret Hoch , Michael R. Kosorok

We present an unsupervised learning analysis of correlation hierarchies in the quarter-filled simple and extended Hubbard models by applying principal component analysis (PCA) to exact-diagonalization (ED) data on 3x4 and 4x4 cylindrical…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-12 Md Fahad Equbal , S R Hassan , M. A. H. Ahsan

The principal component analysis (PCA) of different parameters affecting collectivity of nuclei predicted to be candidate of the interacting boson model dynamical symmetries are performed. The results show that, the use of PCA within…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-24 A. Al-Sayed

Incorporating covariates into functional principal component analysis (PCA) can substantially improve the representation efficiency of the principal components and predictive performance. However, many existing functional PCA methods do not…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-22 Fei Ding , Shiyuan He , David E. Jones , Jianhua Z. Huang

Machine learning (ML) methods have proved to be a very successful tool in physical sciences, especially when applied to experimental data analysis. Artificial intelligence is particularly good at recognizing patterns in high dimensional…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-08-19 T. Tula , G. Möller , J. Quintanilla , S. R. Giblin , A. D. Hillier , E. E. McCabe , S. Ramos , D. S. Barker , S. Gibson