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Existing research on malware classification focuses almost exclusively on two tasks: distinguishing between malicious and benign files and classifying malware by family. However, malware can be categorized according to many other types of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Robert J. Joyce , Edward Raff , Charles Nicholas , James Holt

Digital systems find it challenging to keep up with cybersecurity threats. The daily emergence of more than 560,000 new malware strains poses significant hazards to the digital ecosystem. The traditional malware detection methods fail to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Abrar Fahim , Shamik Dey , Md. Nurul Absur , Md Kamrul Siam , Md. Tahmidul Huque , Jafreen Jafor Godhuli

Abstract-Email cyber-attacks based on malicious documents have become the popular techniques in today's sophisticated attacks. In the past, persistent efforts have been made to detect such attacks. But there are still some common defects in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Luping Liu , Xiaohai He , Liang Liu , Lingbo Qing , Yong Fang , Jiayong Liu

Industry practitioners care about small improvements in malware detection accuracy because their models are deployed to hundreds of millions of machines, meaning a 0.1\% change can cause an overwhelming number of false positives. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Tirth Patel , Fred Lu , Edward Raff , Charles Nicholas , Cynthia Matuszek , James Holt

Many efforts have been made to use various forms of domain knowledge in malware detection. Currently there exist two common approaches to malware detection without domain knowledge, namely byte n-grams and strings. In this work we explore…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-15 Edward Raff , Jared Sylvester , Charles Nicholas

Malware detection on binary executables provides a high availability to even binaries which are not disassembled or decompiled. However, a binary-level approach could cause ambiguity problems. In this paper, we propose a new feature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Jeongwoo Kim , Eun-Sun Cho , Joon-Young Paik

Classification of malware families is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of how they can infect devices, computers, or systems. Thus, malware identification enables security researchers and incident responders to take precautions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Ferhat Demirkıran , Aykut Çayır , Uğur Ünal , Hasan Dağ

Detecting packed executables is a critical step in malware analysis, as packing obscures the original code and complicates static inspection. This study evaluates both classical feature-based methods and deep learning approaches that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ehab Alkhateeb , Ali Ghorbani , Arash Habibi Lashkari

Artificial intelligence and machine learning have significantly advanced malware research by enabling automated threat detection and behavior analysis. However, the availability of exploitable data is limited, due to the absence of large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Valentin Leroy , Shuvalaxmi Dass , Sharif Ullah

Machine-learning models have been recently used for detecting malicious Android applications, reporting impressive performances on benchmark datasets, even when trained only on features statically extracted from the application, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Marco Melis , Davide Maiorca , Battista Biggio , Giorgio Giacinto , Fabio Roli

Malware open-set recognition (MOSR) aims at jointly classifying malware samples from known families and detect the ones from novel unknown families, respectively. Existing works mostly rely on a well-trained classifier considering the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Jingcai Guo , Yuanyuan Xu , Wenchao Xu , Yufeng Zhan , Yuxia Sun , Song Guo

Network and system security are incredibly critical issues now. Due to the rapid proliferation of malware, traditional analysis methods struggle with enormous samples. In this paper, we propose four easy-to-extract and small-scale features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Zhenshuo Chen , Eoin Brophy , Tomas Ward

This paper addresses the critical need for high-quality malware datasets that support advanced analysis techniques, particularly machine learning and agentic AI frameworks. Existing datasets often lack diversity, comprehensive labelling,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dipo Dunsin , Mohamed Chahine Ghanem , Eduardo Almeida Palmieri

Malware can greatly compromise the integrity and trustworthiness of information and is in a constant state of evolution. Existing feature fusion-based detection methods generally overlook the correlation between features. And mere…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Binghui Zou , Chunjie Cao , Longjuan Wang , Yinan Cheng , Chenxi Dang , Ying Liu , Jingzhang Sun

Malicious website detection is an increasingly relevant yet intricate task that requires the consideration of a vast amount of fine details. Our objective is to create a machine learning model that is trained on as many of these finer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Kinh Tran , Dusan Sovilj

Training pipelines for machine learning (ML) based malware classification often rely on crowdsourced threat feeds, exposing a natural attack injection point. In this paper, we study the susceptibility of feature-based ML malware classifiers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Giorgio Severi , Jim Meyer , Scott Coull , Alina Oprea

A vital element of a cyberspace infrastructure is cybersecurity. Many protocols proposed for security issues, which leads to anomalies that affect the related infrastructure of cyberspace. Machine learning (ML) methods used to mitigate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Shahab Shamshirband , Anthony T. Chronopoulos

As over 200 million new malware samples are identified each year, antivirus systems must continuously adapt to the evolving threat landscape. However, retraining solely on new samples leads to catastrophic forgetting and exploitable blind…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zahra Asadi , Haeseung Jeon , Sohyun Han , Md Mahmuduzzaman Kamol , Se Eun Oh , Mohammad Saidur Rahman

Malicious software attacks are having an increasingly significant economic impact. Commercial malware detection software can be costly, and tools that attribute malware to the specific software vulnerabilities it exploits are largely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Eduard Andrei Cristea , Petter Molnes , Jingyue Li

With the increase in machine learning (ML) applications in different domains, incentives for deceiving these models have reached more than ever. As data is the core backbone of ML algorithms, attackers shifted their interest toward…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Mahmoud Abdelsalam