Related papers: A Modelers' Opacity Wish List
Materials with unusual optical properties are central to advanced control of light. Yet, in nature, such materials may be exceedingly rare and often difficult to obtain. To overcome this limitation, here we introduce the concept of temporal…
The necessity of the FORM project is discussed. Then the evolutionary needs in particle physics are considered, looking at the trends over the years. A guess is made at what will be needed in the (near) future. The whole is concluded with…
We discuss the prospects for high-energy neutrino astronomy to study particle physics in the energy regime comparable to and beyond that obtainable at the current and planned colliders. We describe the various signatures of high-energy…
A huge amount of good quality astrophysical data converges towards the picture of a spatially flat universe undergoing the today observed phase of accelerated expansion. This new observational trend is commonly addressed as Precision…
Opacity is an important information-flow security property in the analysis of cyber-physical systems. It captures the plausible deniability of the system's secret behavior in the presence of an intruder that may access the information flow.…
Astrophysics and cosmology can be used to test the standard model of particle physics under conditions and over distance and time scales not accessible to laboratory experiments. Most of the astrophysical observations are in good agreement…
Models of the zodiacal light are necessary to convert measured data taken from low Earth orbit into the radiation field outside the solar system. The uncertainty in these models dominates the overall uncertainty in determining the…
We describe the use of partially overlapping galaxies to provide direct measurements of the effective absorption in galaxy disks, independent of assumptions about internal disk structure. The non-overlapping parts of the galaxies and…
This is a review and tutorial paper which discusses the fundamental limitations on the maximal power which can be received, absorbed, and scattered by an electrically small electrically polarizable particle and infinite periodical arrays of…
Spectroscopy is one of the most important tools that an astronomer has for studying the universe. This chapter begins by discussing the basics, including the different types of optical spectrographs, with extension to the ultraviolet and…
Astrophysical neutrinos allow us to access energies and baselines that cannot be reached by human-made accelerators, offering unique probes of new physics phenomena. This thesis aims to address the challenges currently facing searches for…
Physics and physics education in the United States suffer from severe (and, in some cases, worsening) underrepresentation of Black, Latina/o, and Native people of all genders and women of all races and ethnicities. This underrepresentation…
Adaptive Optics is a prime example of how progress in observational astronomy can be driven by technological developments. At many observatories it is now considered to be part of a standard instrumentation suite, enabling ground-based…
Invisibility cloaking in acoustic scattering via the approach of transformation optics is considered. The near-cloaks of both passive medium and active/radiating object are investigated. From a practical viewpoint, we are especially…
Bayesian (Probabilistic) Machine Learning is used to probe the opacity of the Universe. It relies on a generative process where the model is the key object to generate the data involving the unknown parameters of the model, our prior…
After the recent experimental results on neutrino oscillations, some shape starts to emerge from the puzzle. However, the situation is still far from being clarified. First of all, accommodating all experimental results in a single and…
There is a strong possibility that the particles making up the dark matter in the Universe have a mass below 1 eV and in many important situations exhibit a wave-like behavior. Amongst the candidates the axion stands out as particularly…
We review the available atomic data used for interpreting and modeling X-ray observations. The applications for these data can be divided into several levels of detail, ranging from compilations which can be used with direct inspection of…
Optical designs for astronomy involve implementation of active optics and adaptive optics from X-ray to the infrared. Developments and results of active optics methods for telescopes, spectrographs and coronagraph planet finders are…
The axion solution of the strong CP problem provides a number of possible windows to physics beyond the standard model, notably in the form of searches for solar axions and for galactic axion dark matter, but in a broader context also…