Related papers: Perpendicular Diffusion of Solar Energetic Particl…
Modeling of time profiles of solar energetic particle (SEP) observations often considers transport along a large-scale magnetic field with a fixed path length from the source to the observer. Here we point out that variability in the…
Evidence for two different physical mechanisms for acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs) arose 50 years ago with radio observations of type III bursts, produced by outward streaming electrons, and type II bursts from coronal and…
We model the transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the solar wind. We propagated relativistic test particles in the field of a steady three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the solar wind. We used the code MPI-AMRVAC…
Suprathermal ions in the corona are thought to serve as seed particles for large gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events associated with fast and wide coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A better understanding of the role of suprathermal…
The propagation of solar energetic particles (SEPs) through the heliosphere is primarily guided by the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) which is embedded in the solar wind plasma. Large-scale IMF structures can drive transient variations…
Understanding the transport of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) from acceleration sites at the Sun into interplanetary space and to the Earth is an important question for forecasting space weather. The Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF),…
A considerable fraction of the energy in a solar flare is released as suprathermal electrons; such electrons play a major role in energy deposition in the ambient atmosphere and hence the atmospheric response to flare heating. Historically…
In this work we include the elastic scattering of longitudinal electromagnetic waves in transport theory using a medium filled with point-like, electric dipoles. The interference between longitudinal and transverse waves creates two new…
Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events are critical for understanding particle acceleration and transport in the heliosphere. While most SEP events involve outward streaming particles along open magnetic field lines, bidirectional events…
On 2022 September 5, a large solar energetic particle (SEP) event was detected by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) and Solar Orbiter (SolO), at heliocentric distances of 0.07 and 0.71 au, respectively. PSP observed an unusual velocity-dispersion…
We review the surface flux transport model for the evolution of magnetic flux patterns on the Sun's surface. Our underlying motivation is to understand the model's prediction of the polar field (or axial dipole) strength at the end of the…
The electron spectrum exhibits a complex structure and has controversially proposed origins. This work reproduce the evolution of the electron spectrum based on a spatially dependent propagation (SDP) model. The key point is that our SPD…
In this paper we discuss the collisionless transport equations, continuity, momentum and energy conservation, derived from a kinetic exospheric model of the solar wind based on a kappa velocity distribution function of the electrons. The…
The Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons experiment on the Parker Solar Probe (PSP) mission measures the three-dimensional electron velocity distribution function. We derive the parameters of the core, halo, and strahl populations…
Inverse velocity dispersion (IVD) events, characterized by higher-energy particles arriving later than lower-energy particles, challenge the classical understanding of SEP events and are increasingly observed by spacecraft, such as Parker…
Impulsive solar energetic electrons are often observed in the interplanetary space near the Earth and have an attractive diagnostic potential for poorly understood solar flare acceleration processes. We investigate the transport of solar…
Aims. We studied the first multi-spacecraft high-energy solar energetic particle (SEP) event of solar cycle 25, which triggered a ground level enhancement (GLE) on 28 October 2021, using data from multiple observers that were widely…
Intercellular signaling has an important role in organism development, but not all communication occurs using the same mechanism. Here, we analyze the energy efficiency of intercellular signaling by two canonical mechanisms: diffusion of…
To determine the electron heat flux density on macroscopic scales, the most widely used approach is to solve a diffusion equation through a multi-group technique. This method is however restricted to transport induced by temperature…
Producing inward orientated streams of energetic electrons by intense laser pulses acting on solid targets is the most robust and accessible way of transferring the laser energy to particles, which underlies numerous applications, ranging…