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Large language models (LLMs) face significant copyright and intellectual property challenges as the cost of training increases and model reuse becomes prevalent. While watermarking techniques have been proposed to protect model ownership,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Do-hyeon Yoon , Minsoo Chun , Thomas Allen , Hans Müller , Min Wang , Rajesh Sharma

Growing concerns over the theft and misuse of Large Language Models (LLMs) have heightened the need for effective fingerprinting, which links a model to its original version to detect misuse. In this paper, we define five key properties for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Mark Russinovich , Ahmed Salem

In recent years, deep learning (DL), a re-branding of neural networks (NNs), has risen to the top in numerous areas, namely computer vision (CV), speech recognition, natural language processing, etc. Whereas remote sensing (RS) possesses a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-01 John E. Ball , Derek T. Anderson , Chee Seng Chan

Data has been regarded as a valuable asset with the fast development of artificial intelligence technologies. In this paper, we introduce deep-learning neural network-based frequency-domain watermarking for protecting energy system time…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Zhenghao Zhou , Yiyan Li , Xinjie Yu , Jian Ping , Xiaoyuan Xu , Zheng Yan , Mohammad Shahidehpour

We propose a novel training method that integrates rules into deep learning, in a way the strengths of the rules are controllable at inference. Deep Neural Networks with Controllable Rule Representations (DeepCTRL) incorporates a rule…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Sungyong Seo , Sercan O. Arik , Jinsung Yoon , Xiang Zhang , Kihyuk Sohn , Tomas Pfister

Machine learning (ML) models are costly to train as they can require a significant amount of data, computational resources and technical expertise. Thus, they constitute valuable intellectual property that needs protection from adversaries…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Sebastian Szyller , Rui Zhang , Jian Liu , N. Asokan

With the application of vertical domain pre-trained language models (VPLMs) in specialized fields such as medical, finance, and law, model parameters and inference capabilities have become important digital assets. Achieving traceable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Cong Kong , Xin Cheng , Zhaoxia Yin , Shuai Li , Jie Zhang , Weiming Zhang

Recent advances in MRI have led to the creation of large datasets. With the increase in data volume, it has become difficult to locate previous scans of the same patient within these datasets (a process known as re-identification). To…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-26 Lemuel Puglisi , Frederik Barkhof , Daniel C. Alexander , Geoffrey JM Parker , Arman Eshaghi , Daniele Ravì

Deep Learning (DL) has been widely adopted in diverse industrial domains, including autonomous driving, intelligent healthcare, and aided programming. Like traditional software, DL systems are also prone to faults, whose malfunctioning may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Hanmo You , Zan Wang , Zishuo Dong , Luanqi Mo , Jianjun Zhao , Junjie Chen

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently achieved impressive success across a wide range of real-world vision and language processing tasks, spanning from image classification to many other downstream vision tasks, such as object…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xiangzhong Luo , Di Liu , Hao Kong , Shuo Huai , Hui Chen , Guochu Xiong , Weichen Liu

When logos are increasingly created, logo detection has gradually become a research hotspot across many domains and tasks. Recent advances in this area are dominated by deep learning-based solutions, where many datasets, learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Sujuan Hou , Jiacheng Li , Weiqing Min , Qiang Hou , Yanna Zhao , Yuanjie Zheng , Shuqiang Jiang

Deep learning (DL) has achieved great success in many applications, but it has been less well analyzed from the theoretical perspective. The unexplainable success of black-box DL models has raised questions among scientists and promoted the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Huu-Thiet Nguyen , Chien Chern Cheah , Kar-Ann Toh

The real-time assessment of complex motor skills presents a challenge in fields such as surgical training and rehabilitation. Recent advancements in neuroimaging, particularly functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), have enabled…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Aseem Subedi , Rahul , Lora Cavuoto , Steven Schwaitzberg , Matthew Hackett , Jack Norfleet , Suvranu De

Nowadays, deep neural networks are used for solving complex tasks in several critical applications and protecting both their integrity and intellectual property rights (IPR) has become of utmost importance. To this end, we advance WaterMAS,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Carl De Sousa Trias , Mihai Mitrea , Attilio Fiandrotti , Marco Cagnazzo , Sumanta Chaudhuri , Enzo Tartaglione

Substantial research works have shown that deep models, e.g., pre-trained models, on the large corpus can learn universal language representations, which are beneficial for downstream NLP tasks. However, these powerful models are also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Yixin Liu , Hongsheng Hu , Xun Chen , Xuyun Zhang , Lichao Sun

Transforming large deep neural network (DNN) models into the multi-exit architectures can overcome the overthinking issue and distribute a large DNN model on resource-constrained scenarios (e.g. IoT frontend devices and backend servers) for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Tian Dong , Han Qiu , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li , Hewu Li , Jialiang Lu

Deep Learning (DL) has recently achieved tremendous success. A variety of DL frameworks and platforms play a key role to catalyze such progress. However, the differences in architecture designs and implementations of existing frameworks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Qianyu Guo , Sen Chen , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Qiang Hu , Hongtao Liu , Yang Liu , Jianjun Zhao , Xiaohong Li

Deploying Machine Learning as a Service gives rise to model plagiarism, leading to copyright infringement. Ownership testing techniques are designed to identify model fingerprints for verifying plagiarism. However, previous works often rely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Aoting Hu , Zhigang Lu , Renjie Xie , Minhui Xue

The advancement of secure communication and identity verification fields has significantly increased through the use of deep learning techniques for data hiding. By embedding information into a noise-tolerant signal such as audio, video, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Zihan Wang , Olivia Byrnes , Hu Wang , Ruoxi Sun , Congbo Ma , Huaming Chen , Qi Wu , Minhui Xue

Despite the tremendous advances achieved over the past years by deep learning techniques, the latest risk prediction models for industrial applications still rely on highly handtuned stage-wised statistical learning tools, such as gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Yancheng Liang , Jiajie Zhang , Hui Li , Xiaochen Liu , Yi Hu , Yong Wu , Jinyao Zhang , Yongyan Liu , Yi Wu