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The proliferation of hate speech on social media platforms has necessitated the development of effective detection and moderation tools. This study evaluates the efficacy of various machine learning models in identifying hate speech and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Saurabh Mishra , Shivani Thakur , Radhika Mamidi

Automated hate speech detection in social media is a challenging task that has recently gained significant traction in the data mining and Natural Language Processing community. However, most of the existing methods adopt a supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Md Rabiul Awal , Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Sandra Mitrovic

Hate speech has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. Multiple approaches have been developed to detect hate speech using artificial intelligence, but a generalized model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Building a benchmark dataset for hate speech detection presents various challenges. Firstly, because hate speech is relatively rare, random sampling of tweets to annotate is very inefficient in finding hate speech. To address this, prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Md Mustafizur Rahman , Dinesh Balakrishnan , Dhiraj Murthy , Mucahid Kutlu , Matthew Lease

Hate speech detection is a crucial area of research in natural language processing, essential for ensuring online community safety. However, detecting implicit hate speech, where harmful intent is conveyed in subtle or indirect ways,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yumin Kim , Hwanhee Lee

Hate speech detection research has predominantly focused on purely content-based methods, without exploiting any additional context. We briefly critique pros and cons of this task formulation. We then investigate profiling users by their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Prateek Chaudhry , Matthew Lease

Abusive speech on social media poses a persistent and evolving challenge, driven by the continuous emergence of novel slang and obfuscated terms designed to circumvent detection systems. In this work, we present a data efficient strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Pritish N. Desai , Tanay Kewalramani , Srimanta Mandal

In this paper we revisit the problem of automatically identifying hate speech in posts from social media. We approach the task using a system based on minimalistic compositional Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). We tested our approach on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Gustavo Henrique Paetzold , Shervin Malmasi , Marcos Zampieri

We present a neural-network based approach to classifying online hate speech in general, as well as racist and sexist speech in particular. Using pre-trained word embeddings and max/mean pooling from simple, fully-connected transformations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Rohan Kshirsagar , Tyus Cukuvac , Kathleen McKeown , Susan McGregor

Detecting and classifying instances of hate in social media text has been a problem of interest in Natural Language Processing in the recent years. Our work leverages state of the art Transformer language models to identify hate speech in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Sayar Ghosh Roy , Ujwal Narayan , Tathagata Raha , Zubair Abid , Vasudeva Varma

In recent years, Hate Speech Detection has become one of the interesting fields in natural language processing or computational linguistics. In this paper, we present the description of our system to solve this problem at the VLSP shared…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Tin Van Huynh , Vu Duc Nguyen , Kiet Van Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen , Anh Gia-Tuan Nguyen

The context-dependent nature of online aggression makes annotating large collections of data extremely difficult. Previously studied datasets in abusive language detection have been insufficient in size to efficiently train deep learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Younghun Lee , Seunghyun Yoon , Kyomin Jung

A significant challenge in automating hate speech detection on social media is distinguishing hate speech from regular and offensive language. These identify an essential category of content that web filters seek to remove. Only automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Faria Naznin , Md Touhidur Rahman , Shahran Rahman Alve

Despite the extensive communication benefits offered by social media platforms, numerous challenges must be addressed to ensure user safety. One of the most significant risks faced by users on these platforms is targeted hate speech. Social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Sadar Jaf , Basel Barakat

Implicit hate speech has recently emerged as a critical challenge for social media platforms. While much of the research has traditionally focused on harmful speech in general, the need for generalizable techniques to detect veiled and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Saad Almohaimeed , Saleh Almohaimeed , Damla Turgut , Ladislau Bölöni

With the exponential rise in user-generated web content on social media, the proliferation of abusive languages towards an individual or a group across the different sections of the internet is also rapidly increasing. It is very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal

The spread of hate speech on social media space is currently a serious issue. The undemanding access to the enormous amount of information being generated on these platforms has led people to post and react with toxic content that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Abhishek Velankar , Hrushikesh Patil , Raviraj Joshi

Hate speech detection is a common downstream application of natural language processing (NLP) in the real world. In spite of the increasing accuracy, current data-driven approaches could easily learn biases from the imbalanced data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Yi Cai , Arthur Zimek , Gerhard Wunder , Eirini Ntoutsi

Hate speech is one of the main threats posed by the widespread use of social networks, despite efforts to limit it. Although attention has been devoted to this issue, the lack of datasets and case studies centered around scarcely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Camilla Casula , Sara Tonelli

Hate speech detection across contemporary social media presents unique challenges due to linguistic diversity and the informal nature of online discourse. These challenges are further amplified in settings involving code-mixing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Daman Deep Singh , Ramanuj Bhattacharjee , Abhijnan Chakraborty