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We investigate the evolutionary prisoner's dilemma game in structured populations by introducing dimers, which are defined as that two players in each dimer always hold a same strategy. We find that influences of dimers on cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-30 Haihong Li , Hongyan Cheng , Qionglin Dai , Ping Ju , Mei Zhang , Junzhong Yang

Cooperation is a difficult proposition in the face of Darwinian selection. Those that defect have an evolutionary advantage over cooperators who should therefore die out. However, spatial structure enables cooperators to survive through the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-02-02 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

In real-world scenarios, individuals often cooperate for mutual benefit. However, differences in wealth can lead to varying outcomes for similar actions. In complex social networks, individuals' choices are also influenced by their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-07-08 Yunhao Ding , Chunyan Zhang , Jianlei Zhang

Population diversity is an important aspect of Prisoner's Dilemma Game (PDG) research. However, the studies on dynamic diversity and its associated cost still need further investigation. Based on a framework comprising 2-dimensional spatial…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-13 Yandi Liu , Na Guo , Yonghui Li

Here we study the effects of adopting different strategies against different opponent instead of adopting the same strategy against all of them in the prisoner dilemma structured in well-mixed populations. We consider an evolutionary…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-14 Lucas Wardil , Jafferson K. L. da Silva

Various theoretical and empirical studies have accounted for why humans cooperate in competitive environments. Although prior work has revealed that network structure and multiplex interactions can promote cooperation, most theory assumes…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-01-05 Jnanajyoti Bhaumik , Naoki Masuda

Real social interactions occur on networks in which each individual is connected to some, but not all, of others. In social dilemma games with a fixed population size, heterogeneity in the number of contacts per player is known to promote…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-07-15 Naoki Masuda

Evolution of cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma and the public goods game is studied, where initially players belong to two independent structured populations. Simultaneously with the strategy evolution, players whose current utility…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2014-04-04 Zhen Wang , Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Costly punishment has been suggested as a key mechanism for stabilizing cooperation in one-shot games. However, recent studies have revealed that the effectiveness of costly punishment can be diminished by second-order free riders (i.e.,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-03-19 Chen Shen , Zhixue He , Lei Shi , Zhen Wang , Jun Tanimoto

Commitment is a well-established mechanism for fostering cooperation in human society and multi-agent systems. However, existing research has predominantly focused on the commitment that neglects the freedom of players to abstain from an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhao Song , The Anh Han

Game theory is fundamental to understanding cooperation between agents. Mainly, the Prisoner's Dilemma is a well-known model that has been extensively studied in complex networks. However, although the emergence of cooperation has been…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-04 Nastaran Lotfi , Francisco A. Rodrigues

We introduce a coevolutionary framework in which punishment intensity dynamically adapts to the fraction of cooperators in the population. Unlike static models, adaptive punishment reshapes the effective payoff landscape, driving…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-11 Xingfu Ke , Hao Yu , Xiao-Pu Han , Yi-Cheng Zhang , Fanyuan Meng

Evolutionary Prisoner's Dilemma games with quenched inhomogeneities in the spatial dynamical rules are considered. The players following one of the two pure strategies (cooperation or defection) are distributed on a two-dimensional lattice.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Attila Szolnoki , Gyorgy Szabo

The paper studies the emergence and stability of cooperative behavior in populations of agents who interact among themselves in Prisoner's Dilemma games and who are allowed to choose their partners. The population is then subject to…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Pawel Sobkowicz

Strong reciprocity is a fundamental human characteristic associated with our extraordinary sociality and cooperation. Laboratory experiments on social dilemma games and many field studies have quantified well-defined levels of cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-11-21 D. Darcet , D. Sornette

The emergence of complex networks from evolutionary games is studied occurring when agents are allowed to switch interaction partners. For this purpose a coevolutionary iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game is defined on a random network with…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Holger Ebel , Stefan Bornholdt

The complete cooperation and the complete defection are two typical strategies considered in evolutionary games in many previous works. However, in real life, strategies of individuals are full of variety rather than only two complete ones.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-03 Linya Huang , Wenchen Han

We revisit two evolutionary game theory models, namely the Prisoner and the Snowdrift dilemmas, on top of small-world networks. These dynamics on networked populations (individuals occupying nodes of a graph) are mainly concerning on the…

We consider two-player iterated survival games in which players may switch from a more cooperative behavior to a less cooperative one at some step of the game. Payoffs are survival probabilities and lone individuals have to finish the game…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-18 Olivier Salagnac , John Wakeley

We study the evolutionary dynamics of the prisoner's dilemma game in which cooperators and defectors interact with another actor type called exiters. Rather than being exploited by defectors, exiters exit the game in favour of a small…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-20 Chen Shen , Marko Jusup , Lei Shi , Zhen Wang , Matjaz Perc , Petter Holme