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Generative models see increasing use in computer-aided drug design. However, while performing well at capturing distributions of molecular motifs, they often produce synthetically inaccessible molecules. To address this, we introduce…

Generation of drug-like molecules with high binding affinity to target proteins remains a difficult and resource-intensive task in drug discovery. Existing approaches primarily employ reinforcement learning, Markov sampling, or deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Peter Eckmann , Kunyang Sun , Bo Zhao , Mudong Feng , Michael K. Gilson , Rose Yu

Generating new molecules is fundamental to advancing critical applications such as drug discovery and material synthesis. Flows can generate molecules effectively by inverting the encoding process, however, existing flow models either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yogesh Verma , Samuel Kaski , Markus Heinonen , Vikas Garg

To overcome the high attrition rate and limited clinical translatability in drug discovery, we introduce the concept of Maximum Drug-Likeness (MDL) and develop an applicable Fivefold MDL strategy (5F-MDL) to reshape the screening paradigm.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-29 Hao-Yu Zhu , Shi-Jie Du , Lu Xu , Wei Shi

The rational design of novel molecules with desired bioactivity is a critical but challenging task in drug discovery, especially when treating a novel target family or understudied targets. Here, we propose PGMG, a pharmacophore-guided deep…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-05 Huimin Zhu , Renyi Zhou , Jing Tang , Min Li

AI-driven discovery can greatly reduce design time and enhance new therapeutics' effectiveness. Models using simulators explore broad design spaces but risk violating implicit constraints due to a lack of experimental priors. For example,…

Personalized medicine is expected to maximize the intended drug effects and minimize side effects by treating patients based on their genetic profiles. Thus, it is important to generate drugs based on the genetic profiles of diseases,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Sejin Park , Hyunju Lee

Drug discovery remains a formidable challenge: more than 90 percent of candidate molecules fail in clinical evaluation, and development costs often exceed one billion dollars per approved therapy. Disparate data streams, from genomics and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Kevin Song , Andrew Trotter , Jake Y. Chen

Drug discovery is a long, expensive, and complex process, relying heavily on human medicinal chemists, who can spend years searching the vast space of potential therapies. Recent advances in artificial intelligence for chemistry have sought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Reza Averly , Frazier N. Baker , Ian A. Watson , Xia Ning

The fundamental goal of generative drug design is to propose optimized molecules that meet predefined activity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic criteria. Despite recent progress, we argue that existing generative methods are limited in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Julien Horwood , Emmanuel Noutahi

Generative AI presents chemists with novel ideas for drug design and facilitates the exploration of vast chemical spaces. Diffusion models (DMs), an emerging tool, have recently attracted great attention in drug R\&D. This paper…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-14 Peining Zhang , Daniel Baker , Minghu Song , Jinbo Bi

Generating novel molecules with optimal properties is a crucial step in many industries such as drug discovery. Recently, deep generative models have shown a promising way of performing de-novo molecular design. Although graph generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Rim Assouel , Mohamed Ahmed , Marwin H Segler , Amir Saffari , Yoshua Bengio

Neural Network (NN) models provide potential to speed up the drug discovery process and reduce its failure rates. The success of NN models require uncertainty quantification (UQ) as drug discovery explores chemical space beyond the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ya Ju Fan , Jonathan E. Allen , Kevin S. McLoughlin , Da Shi , Brian J. Bennion , Xiaohua Zhang , Felice C. Lightstone

Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) has drawn attention to their potential for accelerating drug discovery. However, a central problem remains: translating theoretical ideas into robust implementations in the highly specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Sizhe Liu , Yizhou Lu , Siyu Chen , Xiyang Hu , Jieyu Zhao , Yingzhou Lu , Yue Zhao

Self-driving labs are transforming drug discovery by enabling automated, AI-guided experimentation, but they face challenges in orchestrating complex workflows, integrating diverse instruments and AI models, and managing data efficiently.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yao Fehlis , Paul Mandel , Charles Crain , Betty Liu , David Fuller

Longer timelines and lower success rates of drug candidates limit the productivity of clinical trials in the pharmaceutical industry. Promising de novo drug design techniques help solve this by exploring a broader chemical space,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-12-05 Ishir Rao

The first step in drug discovery is finding drug molecule moieties with medicinal activity against specific targets. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the interaction between drug-target proteins and small chemical molecules. However,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-15 Boyuan Liu

In the drug discovery process, where experiments can be costly and time-consuming, computational models that predict drug-target interactions are valuable tools to accelerate the development of new therapeutic agents. Estimating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Hannah Rosa Friesacher , Ola Engkvist , Lewis Mervin , Yves Moreau , Adam Arany

Despite improved rational drug design and a remarkable progress in genomic, proteomic and high-throughput screening methods, the number of novel, single-target drugs fell much behind expectations during the past decade. Multi-target drugs…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Tamas Korcsmaros , Mate S. Szalay , Csaba Bode , Istvan A. Kovacs , Peter Csermely

Current pharmaceutical formulation development still strongly relies on the traditional trial-and-error approach by individual experiences of pharmaceutical scientists, which is laborious, time-consuming and costly. Recently, deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Yilong Yang , Zhuyifan Ye , Yan Su , Qianqian Zhao , Xiaoshan Li , Defang Ouyang
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