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Related papers: Residual Entropy and Refinement of the Third-Law E…

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Elucidating fundamental limitations inherent in physical systems is a central subject in physics. For important thermodynamic operations such as information erasure, cooling, and copying, resources like time and energetic cost must be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-11-14 Tan Van Vu , Keiji Saito

The reversibility and recurrence paradoxes are key issues that have been left unsolved in researches on the foundation of thermodynamics since the 19th century. This article shows that (1) the reversibility paradox can be overcome if we pay…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-07-27 Yoshihiro Nakato

Entropy is one of the key thermodynamic variables reflecting changes in the state of matter. Unlike other thermodynamic variables, it is well-defined also for nonequilibrium steady states through its relation to information. Applying this…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-15 Haim Diamant , Gil Ariel

We formulate a geometric framework in which physical laws emerge from restricted access to microscopic information. Measurement constraints are modeled as a gauge symmetry acting on density operators, inducing a gauge-reduced space of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Tiago Pernambuco , Lucas Chibebe Céleri

Here we deconstruct, and then in a reasoned way reconstruct, the concept of "entropy of a system," paying particular attention to where the randomness may be coming from. We start with the core concept of entropy as a COUNT associated with…

General Physics · Physics 2017-05-10 Tommaso Toffoli

Entanglement is central both to the foundations of quantum theory and, as a novel resource, to quantum information science. The theory of entanglement establishes basic laws, such as the non-increase of entanglement under local operations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-04 Fernando G. S. L. Brandao , Martin B. Plenio

This paper is a non-technical, informal presentation of our theory of the second law of thermodynamics as a law that is independent of statistical mechanics and that is derivable solely from certain simple assumptions about adiabatic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Elliott H. Lieb , Jakob Yngvason

Entropy production is a key quantity in any finite-time thermodynamic process. It is intimately tied with the fundamental laws of thermodynamics, embodying a tool to extend thermodynamic considerations all the way to non-equilibrium…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-08 Gabriel T. Landi , Mauro Paternostro

Meixner's historical remark in 1969 "... it can be shown that the concept of entropy in the absence of equilibrium is in fact not only questionable but that it cannot even be defined...." is investigated from today's insight. Several…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-17 Wolfgang Muschik

Every production-recycling iteration accumulates an inevitable proportion of its matter-energy in the environment, lest the production process itself would be a system in perpetual motion, violating the second law of Thermodynamics. Such…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-11-06 Henrique N. Sá Earp , Ademar R. Romeiro

On the basis of the balance equations for energy-momentum, spin, particle and entropy density, an approach is considered which represents a comparatively general framework for special- and general-relativistic continuum thermodynamics. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 W. Muschik , H. -H. v. Borzeszkowski

In this study, we present a reformulation of classical equilibrium thermodynamics by replacing the obscure and ambiguous concept of entropy with the clear and intuitive concept of information stored in a thermodynamic system. Specifically,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-15 Faical Barzi , Kaoutar Fethi

We provide a consistent description of the kinetic equation with triangle anomaly which is compatible with the entropy principle of the second law of thermodynamics and the charge/energy-momentum conservation equations. In general an…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-05-19 Shi Pu , Jian-hua Gao , Qun Wang

To investigate the consequences of component confinement such as at a glass transition and the well-known energy or enthalpy gap (between the glass and the perfect crystal at absolute zero, see text), we follow our previous approach [Phys.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-03-17 P. D. Gujrati

Many fruitful analogies have emerged between the theories of quantum entanglement and thermodynamics, motivating the pursuit of an axiomatic description of entanglement akin to the laws of thermodynamics. A long-standing open problem has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-17 Ludovico Lami , Bartosz Regula

(abbreviated) The statistical mechanics of self-gravitating systems is a long-held puzzle. In this work, we employ a phenomenological entropy form of ideal gas, first proposed by White & Narayan, to revisit this issue. By calculating the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-06-09 Ping He , Dong-Biao Kang

The recursive property of entropy is well known in information theory; however, the concept is underutilized in thermodynamics, despite being the field where the concept of entropy originated. The zentropy approach is built on this idea,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-19 Luke Allen Myers , Nigel Lee En Hew , Shun-Li Shang , Zi-Kui Liu

It is established that black holes have entropy and behave as thermodynamical systems. Associating entropy to gravitational fields has not remained limited to black holes, necessitating the notion of the second law of thermodynamics in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-26 V. R. Shajiee , M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

All the laws of physics are time-reversible. Time arrow emerges only when ensembles of classical particles are treated probabilistically, outside of physics laws, and the entropy and the second law of thermodynamics are introduced. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-16 Davi Geiger , Zvi M. Kedem

It is shown that the structure of thermodynamics is "form invariant", when it is derived using maximum entropy principle for various choices of entropy and even beyond equilibrium. By the form invariance of thermodynamics, it is meant that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-12 Avijit Misra , Uttam Singh , Manabendra Nath Bera , A. K. Rajagopal