Related papers: On the unattainability of absolute zero temperatur…
The third law of thermodynamics has been verified experimentally, but how to perfectly express such a law in theory has become a cross-century problematic issue. It is found from the recent researches that by introducing an innovative…
The Principle of Unattainability rules out the attainment of absolute zero temperature by any finite physical means, no matter how idealised they could be. Nevertheless, we clarify that the Third Law of Thermodynamics, as defined by…
The Nernst heat theorem is probed from purely thermodynamic arguments connected with the second law of thermodynamics, and alien to the vanishing of the specific heats, or to the unattainability of the zeroth isotherm. If the proof is…
The third law of thermodynamics has a controversial past and a number of formulations due to Planck, Einstein, and Nernst. It's most accepted version, the unattainability principle, states that "any thermodynamic process cannot reach the…
This paper elaborates on the implications of the relationship between the Second and Third Laws and provides a comprehensive formal and historical justification for the logical redundancy of the Nernst heat theorem. By revisiting the…
One general consequence of the Nernst theorem is derived, i.e., the various heat capacities of a thermodynamic system under different constraints approach zero as the temperature approaches absolute zero. The temperature dependence of the…
The third law of thermodynamics, also known as the Nernst unattainability principle, puts a fundamental bound on how close a system, whether classical or quantum, can be cooled to a temperature near to absolute zero. On the other hand, a…
We discuss in the framework of black hole thermodynamics some aspects relative to the third law in the case of black holes of the Kerr-Newman family. In the light of the standard proof of the equivalence between the unattainability of the…
By starting from the Euler chain rule of three thermodynamic quantities, it is proved that both the Nernst equation and the vanishing heat capacity at absolute zero temperature are mutually deducible and equivalent. Simultaneously, it is…
Thermodynamics connects our knowledge of the world to our capability to manipulate and thus to control it. This crucial role of control is exemplified by the third law of thermodynamics, Nernst's unattainability principle, which states that…
Thermodynamics, the branch of physics concerned with the description of macroscopic bodies, heat exchange and the conversion of different forms of energy is based on four laws: the zeroth law, which states that bodies in thermal contact…
This pedagogical comment highlights three misconceptions concerning the usefulness of the concept of negative temperature; being derived from the usual, often termed Boltzmann, definition of entropy. First, both the Boltzmann and Gibbs…
The Nernst formulation of the third law of ordinary thermodynamics (often referred to as the ``Nernst theorem'') asserts that the entropy, $S$, of a system must go to zero (or a ``universal constant'') as its temperature, $T$, goes to zero.…
It is found that without any additional assumptions, Nernst's equation can be re-deduced from the experimental data obtained from the thermodynamic systems at ultra-low temperatures, and consequently, the physical content included by…
The unattainability principle (UP) is an operational formulation of the third law of thermodynamics stating the impossibility to bring a system to its ground state in finite time. In this work, several recent derivations of the UP are…
We have made a simple and natural modification of a recent quantum refrigerator model presented by Cleuren et al. in Phys. Rev, Lett.108, 120603 (2012). The original model consist of two metal leads acting as heat baths, and a set of…
We give a rigorous analytical derivation of low-temperature behavior of the Casimir entropy in the framework of the Lifshitz formula combined with the Drude dielectric function. An earlier result that the Casimir entropy at zero temperature…
By regarding the Lifshitz expression for the Casimir free energy on the real frequency axis rather than the imaginary Matsubara frequencies as is customary, new light is shed on the ongoing debate regarding the thermodynamical consistency…
The third law of thermodynamics is formulated precisely: all points of the state space of zero temperature $\Gamma_0$ are physically adiabatically inaccessible from the state space of a simple system. In addition to implying the…
Some problems have been found as to the definition of entropy of black hole being applied to the extremal Kerr-Newman case, which has conflicts with the third law of thermodynamics. We have proposed a new modification for the near extremal…