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We review a recently proposed effective Tolman temperature and present its applications to various gravitational systems. In the Unruh state for the evaporating black holes, the free-fall energy density is found to be negative divergent at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-11 Wontae Kim

It was recently advanced the argument that Unruh effect emerges from the study of quantum field theory in quantum space-time. Quantum space-time is identified with the Hilbert space of a new kind of quantum fields, the accelerated fields,…

General Physics · Physics 2018-12-06 Vasileios I. Kiosses

The search for a relation among GR, QFT and TFT is the toughest challenge of theoretical physics since Hawking's discovery. The emergence of a temperature in spacetimes with an event horizon has unveiled the existence of a fertile…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-11-15 Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano

The ingoing Vaidya metric is introduced as a model for a non-rotating uncharged black hole emitting Hawking radiation. This metric is expected to capture the physics of the spacetime for radial coordinates up to a small multiple $(>1)$ of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-12 Julius Piesnack , Klaus Kassner

A recent calculation shows that the observed energy density in the Unruh state at the future event horizon as seen by a freely falling observer is finite if the observer is released from rest at any positive distance outside the horizon;…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-01-29 Yongwan Gim , Wontae Kim

The Planckon densely piled model of vacuum is proposed. Based on this model, the microscopic quantum structure of Schwarzschild black hole and quantum statistical origin of its gravity are studied. The cutoff of black hole horizon leads to…

General Physics · Physics 2014-10-29 Shun-Jin Wang

We use the Unruh effect to analyze the dynamics of classical and quantum correlations for a two-qubit system when one of them is uniformly accelerated for a finite amount of proper time. We show that the quantum correlation is completely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 L. C. Celeri , A. G. S. Landulfo , R. M. Serra , G. E. A. Matsas

We extend the calculation of the Unruh effect to the universality classes of quantum vacua obeying topologically protected invariance under anisotropic scaling ${\bf r} \rightarrow b {\bf r}$, $t \rightarrow b^z t$. Two situations are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-07-02 M. I. Katsnelson , G. E. Volovik , M. A. Zubkov

We study the measurements of a freely falling Unruh-DeWitt particle detector near the horizon of a semiclassical Schwarzschild black hole. Our results show that the detector's response increases smoothly as it approaches and crosses the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-28 Christopher J. Shallue , Sean M. Carroll

The Unruh effect is one of the first calculations of what one would see when transiting between an inertial reference frame with its quantum field vacuum state and a non-inertial (specifically, uniformly accelerating) reference frame. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-18 Satish Ramakrishna

We consider the back reaction of the energy due to quantum fluctuation of the background fields considering the trace anomaly for Schwarzschild black hole. It is shown that it will result in modification of the horizon and also formation of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-29 Jahed Abedi , Hessamaddin Arfaei

We calculate the thermal renormalized energy-momentum tensor components of a massless scalar field, leading to trace anomaly, on a $(1+1)$ dimensional static black hole spacetime. Using these, the energy density and flux, seen by both…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-28 Saurav Samanta , Bibhas Ranjan Majhi

In this study, we investigate electromagnetic and Dirac test field perturbations of a charged regular black hole arising from quantum gravity effects, commonly referred to as the Frolov black hole, a regular (nonsingular) black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-13 Akshat Pathrikar

Can a relativistic quantum field theory be consistently described as a theory of localizable particles? There are many known issues with such a description, indicating an answer in the negative. In this paper, we examine these obstructions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 Maria Papageorgiou , Jason Pye

A study is made of Hawking radiation from four-dimensional black holes using effective field theory methods. The trace anomaly for the stress tensor in a general curved spacetime background is reproduced using Riegert's action. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-11-13 David A. Lowe , Larus Thorlacius

We develop a framework based on modern amplitude techniques to analyze emission and absorption effects in black hole physics, including Hawking radiation. We first discuss quantum field theory on a Schwarzschild background in the Boulware…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-30 Katsuki Aoki , Andrea Cristofoli , Hyun Jeong , Matteo Sergola , Kaho Yoshimura

The aim of these notes is both to review the standard understanding of the Hawking effect, and to discuss the modifications to this understanding that might be required by new physics at short distances. The fundamentals of the Unruh effect…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Theodore A. Jacobson

We aim to build a simple model of a gas with temperature ($T$) in thermal equilibrium with a black-body that plays the role of the adiabatically expanding universe, so that each particle of such a gas mimics a kind of "particle" (quantum)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-07 Claudio Nassif , A. C. Amaro de Faria

Rotating or charged classical black holes in isolation possess a special surface in their interior, the Cauchy horizon, beyond which the evolution of spacetime (based on the equations of General Relativity) ceases to be deterministic. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-04 Noa Zilberman , Marc Casals , Amos Ori , Adrian C. Ottewill

The Unruh effect is the prediction that particle detectors accelerated through the vacuum get excited by the apparent presence of radiation quanta -- a fundamental quantum phenomenon in the presence of acceleration. Prior treatments of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-02 Vivishek Sudhir , Nadine Stritzelberger , Achim Kempf