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A century on from the development of quantum theory, the interpretation of a quantum state is still discussed. If a physicist claims to have produced a system with a particular wave function, does this represent directly a physical wave of…

The Frauchiger--Renner paradox derives an inconsistency when quantum theory is used to describe the use of itself, by means of a scenario where agents model other agents quantumly and reason about each other's knowledge. We observe that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Laurens Walleghem , Rui Soares Barbosa , Matthew F. Pusey , Stefan Weigert

I take a pragmatist perspective on quantum theory. This is not a view of the world described by quantum theory. In this view quantum theory itself does not describe the physical world, nor our observatons, experiences or opinions of it.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Richard Healey

Recently, a delicately designed Gedankenexperiment was proposed to check the self-consistence of quantum theory in the description of the agents who are using this theory. It was demonstrated that the quantum theory is inconsistent. Here a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-19 Liang Chen , Ye-Qi Zhang

The quantum measurement problem can be regarded as the tension between the two alternative dynamics prescribed by quantum mechanics: the unitary evolution of the wave function and the state-update rule (or "collapse") at the instant a…

This paper provides a systematic study of the operational idea that a quantum ``state'' is only defined up to what can be distinguished by a chosen family of observables. Concretely, any von Neumann algebra of observables $\mathscr{M}$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Jan van Neerven , Marijn Waaijer

An essential quantity in quantum information theory is the von Neumann entropy which depends entirely on the quantum density operator. Once known, the density operator reveals the statistics of observables in a quantum process, and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-08 Mark Balas , Vinod P. Gehlot , Tristan D. Griffith

I present a simple variant of the Schr\"odinger cat meets Wigner's friend thought experiment. If you are shocked by it, you have not understood quantum physics (no words are missing from this sentence).

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-16 Vlatko Vedral

Founding our analysis on the Geneva-Brussels approach to the foundations of physics, we provide a clarification and classification of the key concept of observation. An entity can be observed with or without a scope. In the second case, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-19 Massimiliano Sassoli de Bianchi

Observer dependence is central to Quantum Mechanics; in particular if we associate consistent sets with observer worldviews we can think of the Consistent Histories (CH) interpretation as a formalisation of observer dependence. However we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-20 Yousef Ghazi-Tabatabai

Recently there have emerged an assortment of theorems relating to the 'absoluteness of emerged events,' and these results have sometimes been used to argue that quantum mechanics may involve some kind of metaphysically radical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-11 Emily Adlam

We argue that measurement data in quantum physics can be rigorously interpreted only as a result of a statistical, macroscopic process, taking into account the indistinguishable character of identical particles. Quantum determinism is in…

General Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Patrick Navez , Henni Ouerdane

Is it possible to encompass the full extent of the universe within a theory based on a finite set of first principles and inference rules? The r\^{o}le of observers and observations in physics theories is considered here in the light of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Uri Ben-Ya'acov

We again consider (as in a companion paper) an entangled two-particle state that is produced from two independent down-conversion sources by the process of "entanglement-swapping", so that the particles have never met. We show that there is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-01 Daniel Greenberger , Michael Horne , Anton Zeilinger , Marek Zukowski

In a recent result, Frauchiger and Renner argue that if quantum theory accurately describes complex systems like observers who perform measurements, then "we are forced to give up the view that there is one single reality." Following a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-11 Jeffrey Bub

Recently, Frauchiger and Renner proposed a Gedankenexperiment, which was claimed to be able to prove that quantum theory cannot consistently describe the use of itself. Here we show that the conclusions of Frauchiger and Renner actually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-16 Guang Ping He

Whether the complex numbers of standard quantum theory are experimentally indispensable has remained open for decades. Real quantum theory (RQT), obtained by replacing complex amplitudes with real ones while retaining the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Timothée Hoffreumon , Mischa P. Woods

The Wigner's Friend thought experiment stands as one of the most intellectually provocative and challenging conceptual puzzles in quantum mechanics. It compels us to confront profound questions concerning the fundamental nature of reality,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Herve Zwirn

In this paper we provide an experimental illustration of Page and Wootters' quantum time mechanism that is able to describe two-time quantum correlation functions. This allows us to test a Leggett-Garg inequality, showing a violation from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Ekaterina Moreva , Marco Gramegna , Giorgio Brida , Lorenzo Maccone , Marco Genovese

The purpose of this comment is to show that a reinterpretation of the results from the Letter: "Physics and Metaphysics of Wigner's Friends: Even performed pre-measurements have no results" allows for reaching the conclusion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-23 Konrad Schlichtholz
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