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The sum formula is a basic identity of multiple zeta values that expresses a Riemann zeta value as a homogeneous sum of multiple zeta values of a given dimension. This formula was already known to Euler in the dimension two case,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-03-18 Li Guo , Bingyong Xie

Motivated by applications in robotics and computer vision, we study problems related to spatial reasoning of a 3D environment using sublevel sets of polynomials. These include: tightly containing a cloud of points (e.g., representing an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-09 Amir Ali Ahmadi , Georgina Hall , Ameesh Makadia , Vikas Sindhwani

We construct families of explicit polynomials f with rational coefficients that are sums of squares of polynomials over the real numbers, but not over the rational numbers. Whether or not such examples exist was an open question originally…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-06-17 Claus Scheiderer

In this paper, we investigate the problem of assessing statistical methods and effectively summarizing results from simulations. Specifically, we consider problems of the type where multiple methods are compared on a reasonably large test…

Applications · Statistics 2015-10-07 Abigail Arnold , Jason Loeppky

We consider extensions of the Shannon relative entropy, referred to as $f$-divergences.Three classical related computational problems are typically associated with these divergences: (a) estimation from moments, (b) computing normalizing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Francis Bach

We derive a truncated Voronoi identity for rationally additively twisted sums of Fourier coefficients of Maass forms for $\mathrm{SL}(3,\mathbb Z)$, and as an application obtain a pointwise estimate and a second moment estimate for the sums…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-09-29 Jesse Jääsaari , Esa V. Vesalainen

Stationary subspace analysis (SSA) is a blind source separation framework that decomposes linearly mixed multivariate data into stationary and nonstationary components. We extend SSA to spatially indexed data by introducing spatial…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Perttu Saarela , Klaus Nordhausen , Jaakko Pere , Anne M. Ruiz

Let $\Lambda(1,n)$ be the $(1,n)$-th Fourier coefficients of $SL(3,\mathbb{Z})$ Hecke-Maass cusp form and $d_3(n)$ denotes the triple divisor function. This paper establishes non-trivial bounds for the averages of these arithmetic functions…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-18 Himanshi Chanana , Saurabh Kumar Singh

In network theory, a triad census is a method designed to categorize and enumerate the various types of subgraphs with three nodes and their connecting edges within a network. Triads serve as fundamental building blocks for comprehending…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-01-17 Enrico Borriello

These notes give a self-contained exposition of Karlin, Mathieu and Nguyen's tight estimate of the integrality gap of the sum-of-squares semidefinite program for solving the knapsack problem. They are based on a sequence of three lectures…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Pravesh K. Kothari , Sherry Sarkar

We prove a result about the non-existence of certain sums-of-squares formulas over a field. This generalizes an old theorem which used topological K-theory to obtain obstruction conditions when the field is the real numbers. Our result…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Daniel Dugger , Daniel C. Isaksen

Certain quantum topological invariants of three manifolds can be written in the form of the Gaussian sum. It is shown that such topological invariants can be approximated efficiently by a quantum computer. The invariants discussed here are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-11 K. Shiokawa

We present a hierarchy of semidefinite programs (SDPs) for the problem of fitting a shape-constrained (multivariate) polynomial to noisy evaluations of an unknown shape-constrained function. These shape constraints include convexity or…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-31 Mihaela Curmei , Georgina Hall

In this paper, we study the alternating Euler $T$-sums and related sums by using the method of contour integration. We establish the explicit formulas for all linear and quadratic Euler $T$-sums and related sums. Some interesting new…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-22 Weiping Wang , Ce Xu

In this work we study the relationship between several combinatorial formulas for type $A$ spherical Whittaker functions. These are spherical functions on $p$-adic groups, which arise in the theory of automorphic forms. They depend on a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-28 Cristian Lenart , James Sidoli

This is the second in a series of three papers dealing with sums of squares and hypoellipticity in the infinitely degenerate regime. We give sharp conditions on the entries of a positive semidefinite NxN matrix function F on n-dimensional…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-06 Lyudmila Korobenko , Eric T. Sawyer

Using nonstandard analysis (NSA), the proof of the Laplace's formula is given. The usage of NSA reduces the intricacy of taking limit, and the crude line of the proof would be clearly seen, compared to the done with the rigorous classical…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-01-28 Ryushi Ozaki

Squared eigenfunctions are quadratic combinations of Jost functions and adjoint Jost functions which satisfy the linearized equation of an integrable equation. In this article, squared eigenfunctions are derived for the Sasa-Satsuma…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2009-11-13 Jianke Yang , D. J. Kaup

We give a bijective parameter representation for a sum of squares of numbers being equal to another sum of squares of numbers.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-04 Walter Wyss

We provide explicit formulas for quadratic Gauss sums over $\mathbb{Z}^n/c\mathbb{Z}^n$, which generalize some of the existing formulas, e.g., Skoruppa and Zagier's (for $n=2$), and Iwaniec and Kowalski's (for arbitrary $n$). We then give…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Xiao-Jie Zhu