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In this article, we investigate the alignment of Large Language Models according to human preferences. We discuss the features of training a Preference Model, which simulates human preferences, and the methods and details we found essential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Alexey Kutalev , Sergei Markoff

Incorporating sparsity priors in learning tasks can give rise to simple, and interpretable models for complex high dimensional data. Sparse models have found widespread use in structure discovery, recovering data from corruptions, and a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-03-27 Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Aleksandr Y. Aravkin , Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan

The impressive performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) across various natural language processing tasks comes at the cost of vast computational resources and storage requirements. One-shot pruning techniques offer a way to alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xiang Meng , Kayhan Behdin , Haoyue Wang , Rahul Mazumder

Although multigrid is asymptotically optimal for solving many important partial differential equations, its efficiency relies heavily on the careful selection of the individual algorithmic components. In contrast to recent approaches that…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Dinesh Parthasarathy , Wayne Mitchell , Arjun Gambhir , Harald Köstler , Ulrich Rüde

Large Language Models (LLMs) have sparked significant interest in their generative capabilities, leading to the development of various commercial applications. The high cost of using the models drives application builders to maximize the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Chi Wang , Susan Xueqing Liu , Ahmed H. Awadallah

The effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) is often hindered by duplicated data in their extensive pre-training datasets. Current approaches primarily focus on detecting and removing duplicates, which risks the loss of valuable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Nan He , Weichen Xiong , Hanwen Liu , Yi Liao , Lei Ding , Kai Zhang , Guohua Tang , Xiao Han , Wei Yang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale up, their performance on various downstream tasks has significantly improved. However, evaluating their capabilities has become increasingly expensive, as performing inference on a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taolin Zhang , Hang Guo , Wang Lu , Tao Dai , Shu-Tao Xia , Jindong Wang

We introduce a new rule-based optimization method for classification with constraints. The proposed method leverages column generation for linear programming, and hence, is scalable to large datasets. The resulting pricing subproblem is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Tabea E. Röber , Adia C. Lumadjeng , M. Hakan Akyüz , Ş. İlker Birbil

This study proposes a Newton based multiple objective optimization algorithm for hyperparameter search. The first order differential (gradient) is calculated using finite difference method and a gradient matrix with vectorization is formed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Qinwu Xu

Optimizing data mixtures is essential for unlocking the full potential of large language models (LLMs), yet identifying the optimal composition remains computationally prohibitive due to reliance on heuristic trials or expensive proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jiapeng Wang , Changxin Tian , Kunlong Chen , Ziqi Liu , Jiaxin Mao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Despite the remarkable success of pre-trained language models (PLMs), they still face two challenges: First, large-scale PLMs are inefficient in terms of memory footprint and computation. Second, on the downstream tasks, PLMs tend to rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yuanxin Liu , Fandong Meng , Zheng Lin , Jiangnan Li , Peng Fu , Yanan Cao , Weiping Wang , Jie Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT models, are increasingly used in software engineering for various tasks, such as code generation, requirements management, and debugging. While automating these tasks has garnered significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Chetan Arora , Ahnaf Ibn Sayeed , Sherlock Licorish , Fanyu Wang , Christoph Treude

Probabilistic mixture models have been widely used for different machine learning and pattern recognition tasks such as clustering, dimensionality reduction, and classification. In this paper, we focus on trying to solve the most common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Gustavo A Valencia-Zapata , Daniel Mejia , Gerhard Klimeck , Michael Zentner , Okan Ersoy

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly widespread, understanding how specific training data shapes their outputs is crucial for transparency, accountability, privacy, and fairness. To explore how LLMs leverage and replicate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Arthur Wuhrmann , Anastasiia Kucherenko , Andrei Kucharavy

A major challenge in designing neural network (NN) systems is to determine the best structure and parameters for the network given the data for the machine learning problem at hand. Examples of parameters are the number of layers and nodes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-25 Gonzalo Diaz , Achille Fokoue , Giacomo Nannicini , Horst Samulowitz

Fully finetuning foundation language models (LMs) with billions of parameters is often impractical due to high computational costs, memory requirements, and the risk of overfitting. Although methods like low-rank adapters help address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jonathan Svirsky , Yehonathan Refael , Ofir Lindenbaum

We introduce a model-based asynchronous multi-fidelity method for hyperparameter and neural architecture search that combines the strengths of asynchronous Hyperband and Gaussian process-based Bayesian optimization. At the heart of our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Aaron Klein , Louis C. Tiao , Thibaut Lienart , Cedric Archambeau , Matthias Seeger

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities, but their enormous size poses significant challenges for deployment in real-world applications. To address this issue, researchers have sought to apply network pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Chang Gao , Kang Zhao , Runqi Wang , Jianfei Chen , Liping Jing

Large pretrained language models are widely used in downstream NLP tasks via task-specific fine-tuning, but such procedures can be costly. Recently, Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have achieved strong task performance while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

We introduce adaptive input representations for neural language modeling which extend the adaptive softmax of Grave et al. (2017) to input representations of variable capacity. There are several choices on how to factorize the input and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Alexei Baevski , Michael Auli