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This paper proposes that Artificial Intelligence (AI) progresses through several overlapping generations: AI 1.0 (Information AI), AI 2.0 (Agentic AI), AI 3.0 (Physical AI), and now a speculative AI 4.0 (Conscious AI). Each of these AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jiahao Wu , Hengxu You , Jing Du

Artificial intelligence (AI) is commonly depicted as transformative. Yet, after more than a decade of hype, its measurable impact remains modest outside a few high-profile scientific and commercial successes. The 2024 Nobel Prizes in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Peter Coveney , Roger Highfield

Artificial Intelligence is now recognized as a general-purpose technology with ample impact on human life. This work aims at understanding the evolution of AI and, in particular Machine learning, from the perspective of researchers'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Rafael B. Audibert , Henrique Lemos , Pedro Avelar , Anderson R. Tavares , Luís C. Lamb

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the core technology of technological revolution and industrial transformation. As one of the new intelligent needs in the AI 2.0 era, financial intelligence has elicited much attention from the academia and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Xiaolin Zheng , Mengying Zhu , Qibing Li , Chaochao Chen , Yanchao Tan

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing emergency medicine by enhancing diagnostic processes and improving patient outcomes. This article provides a review of the current applications of AI in emergency imaging studies, focusing on…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Gustavo Correia , Victor Alves , Paulo Novais

In recent years, the dramatic progress in machine learning has begun to impact many areas of science and technology significantly. In the present perspective article, we explore how quantum technologies are benefiting from this revolution.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-18 Mario Krenn , Jonas Landgraf , Thomas Foesel , Florian Marquardt

The research on and application of artificial intelligence (AI) has triggered a comprehensive scientific, economic, social and political discussion. Here we argue that statistics, as an interdisciplinary scientific field, plays a…

The unparalleled success of artificial intelligence (AI) in the technology sector has catalyzed an enormous amount of research in the scientific community. It has proven to be a powerful tool, but as with any rapidly developing field, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-07 M. R. Carbone

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used for generating digital assets, such as programming codes and images. Games composed of various digital assets are thus expected to be influenced significantly by AI. Leveraging public…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Seonbin Jo , Woo-Sung Jung , Jisung Yoon , Hyunuk Kim

The rapid rise of AI is poised to disrupt the labor market. However, AI is not a monolith; its impact depends on both the nature of the innovation and the jobs it affects. While computational approaches are emerging, there is no consensus…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Munjung Kim , Marios Constantinides , Sanja Šćepanović , Yong-Yeol Ahn , Daniele Quercia

While the disruptive potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data has been receiving growing attention and concern in a variety of research and application fields over the last few years, it has not received much scrutiny in…

General Economics · Economics 2019-06-04 Martin Obschonka , David B. Audretsch

A mix of intelligent systems and robotics is making engineering industries much more efficient, precise and able to adapt. How artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and autonomous robotic technologies are changing…

Artificial Intelligence (AI), is once again in the phase of drastic advancements. Unarguably, the technology itself can revolutionize the way we live our everyday life. But the exponential growth of technology poses a daunting task for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Rajesh Chidambaram

Despite widespread speculation about artificial intelligence's impact on the future of work, we lack systematic empirical evidence about how these systems are actually being used for different tasks. Here, we present a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising technologies of the 21. century, with an already noticeable impact on society and the economy. With this work, we provide a short overview of global trends, applications in industry…

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has renewed interest in building systems that learn and think like people. Many advances have come from using deep neural networks trained end-to-end in tasks such as object recognition, video…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Brenden M. Lake , Tomer D. Ullman , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Samuel J. Gershman

Since its emergence around 2010, deep learning has rapidly become the most important technique in Artificial Intelligence (AI), producing an array of scientific firsts in areas as diverse as protein folding, drug discovery, integrated chip…

General Economics · Economics 2023-01-03 Tamay Besiroglu , Nicholas Emery-Xu , Neil Thompson

A suite of impressive scientific discoveries have been driven by recent advances in artificial intelligence. These almost all result from training flexible algorithms to solve difficult optimization problems specified in advance by teams of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Ruairidh M. Battleday , Samuel J. Gershman

Artificial intelligence (AI) has undergone transformative advances since 2022, particularly through generative AI, large language models (LLMs), and diffusion models, fundamentally reshaping the creative industries. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Nantheera Anantrasirichai , Fan Zhang , David Bull

Artificial intelligence (AI), which enables machines to learn to perform a task by training on diverse datasets, is one of the most revolutionary developments in scientific history. Although AI and especially deep learning is relatively…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Nathan Wang , Paul Tonko , Nikil Ragav , Michael Chungyoun , Jonathan Plucker
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