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Related papers: Self-Representation on Twitter Using Emoji Skin Co…

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In 2015, the Unicode Consortium introduced five skin tone emoji that can be used in combination with emoji representing human figures and body parts. In this study, use of the skin tone emoji is analyzed geographically in a large sample of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Steven Coats

Prior work has shown that Twitter users use skin-toned emoji as an act of self-representation to express their racial/ethnic identity. We test whether this signal of identity can influence readers' perceptions about the content of a post…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Alexander Robertson , Walid Magdy , Sharon Goldwater

Research in sociology and linguistics shows that people use language not only to express their own identity but to understand the identity of others. Recent work established a connection between expression of identity and emoji usage on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Alexander Robertson , Walid Magdy , Sharon Goldwater

Skin-toned emojis are crucial for fostering personal identity and social inclusion in online communication. As AI models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), increasingly mediate interactions on web platforms, the risk that these…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Mingchen Li , Wajdi Aljedaani , Yingjie Liu , Navyasri Meka , Xuan Lu , Xinyue Ye , Junhua Ding , Yunhe Feng

With the increasing popularity of augmented and virtual reality, retailers are now focusing more towards customer satisfaction to increase the amount of sales. Although augmented reality is not a new concept but it has gained much needed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Debapriya Roy , Diganta Mukherjee , Bhabatosh Chanda

Emojis, as a new way of conveying nonverbal cues, are widely adopted in computer-mediated communications. In this paper, first from a message sender perspective, we focus on people's motives in using four types of emojis -- positive,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Tianran Hu , Han Guo , Hao Sun , Thuy-vy Thi Nguyen , Jiebo Luo

Emojis have been widely used in textual communications as a new way to convey nonverbal cues. An interesting observation is the various emoji usage patterns among different users. In this paper, we investigate the correlation between user…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Weijian Li , Yuxiao Chen , Tianran Hu , Jiebo Luo

Most social media platforms are largely based on text, and users often write posts to describe where they are, what they are seeing, and how they are feeling. Because written text lacks the emotional cues of spoken and face-to-face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Fred Morstatter , Kai Shu , Suhang Wang , Huan Liu

Based on a large data set of emoji using behavior collected from smartphone users over the world, this paper investigates gender-specific usage of emojis. We present various interesting findings that evidence a considerable difference in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Zhenpeng Chen , Xuan Lu , Wei Ai , Huoran Li , Qiaozhu Mei , Xuanzhe Liu

The frequent use of Emojis on social media platforms has created a new form of multimodal social interaction. Developing methods for the study and representation of emoji semantics helps to improve future multimodal communication systems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-03 Francesco Barbieri , Luis Marujo , Pradeep Karuturi , William Brendel , Horacio Saggion

Selfies represent people's desires, and social media platforms like Instagram have been flooded with them. This study uses selfie data to examine how peoples' desires for ideal facial representations vary by region, particularly in East…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Jaeyoun You , Sojeong Park , Seok-Kyeong Hong , Bongwon Suh

Online writing lacks the non-verbal cues present in face-to-face communication, which provide additional contextual information about the utterance, such as the speaker's intention or affective state. To fill this void, a number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-10-30 Umashanthi Pavalanathan , Jacob Eisenstein

Stickers are multimodal resources widely used in everyday digital conversations. Despite their popularity, most studies have focused on emojis and emoticons. Therefore, this study analyzes, from a sociopragmatic perspective, the use of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Laura M. Porrino-Moscoso

Human image datasets used to develop and evaluate technology should represent the diversity of human phenotypes, including skin tone. Datasets that include skin tone information frequently rely on manual skin tone ratings based on the…

Emojis have evolved as complementary sources for expressing emotion in social-media platforms where posts are mostly composed of texts and images. In order to increase the expressiveness of the social media posts, users associate relevant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Anurag Illendula , Kv Manohar , Manish Reddy Yedulla

State-of-the-art generative text-to-image models are known to exhibit social biases and over-represent certain groups like people of perceived lighter skin tones and men in their outcomes. In this work, we propose a method to mitigate such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Piero Esposito , Parmida Atighehchian , Anastasis Germanidis , Deepti Ghadiyaram

Emojis have established themselves as a popular means of communication in online messaging. Despite the apparent ubiquity in these image-based tokens, however, interpretation and ambiguity may allow for unique uses of emojis to appear. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Keenan Jones , Jason R. C. Nurse , Shujun Li

Understanding different human attributes and how they affect model behavior may become a standard need for all model creation and usage, from traditional computer vision tasks to the newest multimodal generative AI systems. In computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Candice Schumann , Gbolahan O. Olanubi , Auriel Wright , Ellis Monk , Courtney Heldreth , Susanna Ricco

There is a new generation of emoticons, called emojis, that is increasingly being used in mobile communications and social media. In the past two years, over ten billion emojis were used on Twitter. Emojis are Unicode graphic symbols, used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-12-09 Petra Kralj Novak , Jasmina Smailović , Borut Sluban , Igor Mozetič

The semantics of emoji has, to date, been considered from a static perspective. We offer the first longitudinal study of how emoji semantics changes over time, applying techniques from computational linguistics to six years of Twitter data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Alexander Robertson , Farhana Ferdousi Liza , Dong Nguyen , Barbara McGillivray , Scott A. Hale
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