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Neuropsychological studies suggest that co-operative activities among different brain functional areas drive high-level cognitive processes. To learn the brain activities within and among different functional areas of the brain, we propose…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yi Ding , Neethu Robinson , Chengxuan Tong , Qiuhao Zeng , Cuntai Guan

Electroencephalography (EEG) interpretation using multimodal large language models (MLLMs) offers a novel approach for analyzing brain signals. However, the complex nature of brain activity introduces critical challenges: EEG signals…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-02 Ziyi Zeng , Zhenyang Cai , Yixi Cai , Xidong Wang , Junying Chen , Rongsheng Wang , Yipeng Liu , Siqi Cai , Benyou Wang , Zhiguo Zhang , Haizhou Li

Electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces facilitate direct communication with a computer, enabling promising applications in human-computer interactions. However, their utility is currently limited because EEG decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Shanglin Li , Shiwen Chu , Okan Koç , Yi Ding , Qibin Zhao , Motoaki Kawanabe , Ziheng Chen

Accurately monitoring cognitive load in real time is critical for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) that adapt to user engagement and support personalized learning. Electroencephalography (EEG) offers a non-invasive, cost-effective modality…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Deeksha M. Shama , Dimitra Emmanouilidou , Ivan J. Tashev

Although obtaining deep brain activity from non-invasive scalp electroencephalography (sEEG) is crucial for neuroscience and clinical diagnosis, directly generating high-fidelity intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) signals remains a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-26 Dongyi He , Bin Jiang , Kecheng Feng , Luyin Zhang , Ling Liu , Yuxuan Li , Yun Zhao , He Yan

Invasive brain-computer interfaces with Electrocorticography (ECoG) have shown promise for high-performance speech decoding in medical applications, but less damaging methods like intracranial stereo-electroencephalography (sEEG) remain…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-04 Hui Zheng , Hai-Teng Wang , Wei-Bang Jiang , Zhong-Tao Chen , Li He , Pei-Yang Lin , Peng-Hu Wei , Guo-Guang Zhao , Yun-Zhe Liu

One of the challenges in modeling cognitive events from electroencephalogram (EEG) data is finding representations that are invariant to inter- and intra-subject differences, as well as to inherent noise associated with such data. Herein,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-02 Pouya Bashivan , Irina Rish , Mohammed Yeasin , Noel Codella

Developments in Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are empowering those with severe physical afflictions through their use in assistive systems. Common methods of achieving this is via Motor Imagery (MI), which maps brain signals to code for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-28 Abdul Moeed

Non-invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) offer a safe and accessible means of connecting the human brain to external devices, with broad applications in home and clinical settings to enhance human capabilities. However, the high noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jiamin Wu , Zichen Ren , Junyu Wang , Pengyu Zhu , Yonghao Song , Mianxin Liu , Qihao Zheng , Lei Bai , Wanli Ouyang , Chunfeng Song

Airwriting recognition is a task that involves identifying letters written in free space using finger movement. It is a special case of gesture recognition, where gestures correspond to letters in a specific language. Electroencephalography…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Ayush Tripathi , Aryan Gupta , A. P. Prathosh , Suriya Prakash Muthukrishnan , Lalan Kumar

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technologies have the potential to improve the lives of millions of people around the world, whether through assistive technologies or clinical diagnostic tools. Despite advancements in the field, however, at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chad Mello , Troy Weingart , Ethan M. Rudd

Neurological disorders pose major global health challenges, driving advances in brain signal analysis. Scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and intracranial EEG (iEEG) are widely used for diagnosis and monitoring. However, dataset…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-24 Jiahe Li , Xin Chen , Fanqi Shen , Junru Chen , Yuxin Liu , Daoze Zhang , Zhizhang Yuan , Fang Zhao , Meng Li , Yang Yang

In many biological systems, the network of interactions between the elements can only be inferred from experimental measurements. In neuroscience, non-invasive imaging tools are extensively used to derive either structural or functional…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-02-14 Fabrizio De Vico Fallani , Vito Latora , Mario Chavez

Decoding EEG signals is crucial for unraveling human brain and advancing brain-computer interfaces. Traditional machine learning algorithms have been hindered by the high noise levels and inherent inter-person variations in EEG signals.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Pengfei Sun , Jorg De Winne , Paul Devos , Dick Botteldooren

A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on the motor imagery (MI) paradigm translates one's motor intention into a control signal by classifying the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal of different tasks. However, most existing systems either…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Eitan Netzer , Alex Frid , Dan Feldman

Neurophysiological recordings such as electroencephalography (EEG) offer accessible and minimally invasive means of estimating physiological activity for applications in healthcare, diagnostic screening, and even immersive entertainment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Kleanthis Avramidis , Tiantian Feng , Woojae Jeong , Jihwan Lee , Wenhui Cui , Richard M Leahy , Shrikanth Narayanan

This paper focuses on analysis and design of time-varying complex networks having fractional order dynamics. These systems are key in modeling the complex dynamical processes arising in several natural and man made systems. Notably,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-09-17 Gaurav Gupta , Sergio Pequito , Paul Bogdan

Human brain activity collected in the form of Electroencephalography (EEG), even with low number of sensors, is an extremely rich signal. Traces collected from multiple channels and with high sampling rates capture many important aspects of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-03-13 Arkadiusz Stopczynski , Dazza Greenwood , Lars Kai Hansen , Alex Pentland

While capable of segregating visual data, humans take time to examine a single piece, let alone thousands or millions of samples. The deep learning models efficiently process sizeable information with the help of modern-day computing.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Alankrit Mishra , Nikhil Raj , Garima Bajwa

A brain-computer interface (BCI) establishes a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most popular input signal in BCIs, due to its convenience and low cost. Most research on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-16 L. Meng , X. Jiang , J. Huang , W. Li , H. Luo , D. Wu