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Related papers: World Models

200 papers

The Overfitted Brain hypothesis suggests dreams happen to allow generalization in the human brain. Here, we ask if the same is true for reinforcement learning agents as well. Given limited experience in a real environment, we use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Giorgio Franceschelli , Mirco Musolesi

Reinforcement learning algorithms can train agents that solve problems in complex, interesting environments. Normally, the complexity of the trained agent is closely related to the complexity of the environment. This suggests that a highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Trapit Bansal , Jakub Pachocki , Szymon Sidor , Ilya Sutskever , Igor Mordatch

Reinforcement learning suffers from limitations in real practices primarily due to the number of required interactions with virtual environments. It results in a challenging problem because we are implausible to obtain a local optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Qizhen Wu , Kexin Liu , Lei Chen

Generating explanations for reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging as actions may produce long-term effects on the future. In this paper, we develop a novel framework for explainable RL by learning a causal world model without prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Zhongwei Yu , Jingqing Ruan , Dengpeng Xing

Despite their tremendous success in many applications, large language models often fall short of consistent reasoning and planning in various (language, embodied, and social) scenarios, due to inherent limitations in their inference,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Zhiting Hu , Tianmin Shu

One of the grand challenges of reinforcement learning is the ability to generalize to new tasks. However, general agents require a set of rich, diverse tasks to train on. Designing a `foundation environment' for such tasks is tricky -- the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Kevin Frans , Phillip Isola

Humans develop world models that capture the underlying generation process of data. Whether neural networks can learn similar world models remains an open problem. In this work, we present the first theoretical results for this problem,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Tianren Zhang , Guanyu Chen , Feng Chen

Learning effective representations in image-based environments is crucial for sample efficient Reinforcement Learning (RL). Unfortunately, in RL, representation learning is confounded with the exploratory experience of the agent -- learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Denis Yarats , Rob Fergus , Alessandro Lazaric , Lerrel Pinto

Reinforcement learning has the potential to automate the acquisition of behavior in complex settings, but in order for it to be successfully deployed, a number of practical challenges must be addressed. First, in real world settings, when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Kelvin Xu , Siddharth Verma , Chelsea Finn , Sergey Levine

We propose a novel Reinforcement Learning model for discrete environments, which is inherently interpretable and supports the discovery of deep subgoal hierarchies. In the model, an agent learns information about environment in the form of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Alexander Demin , Denis Ponomaryov

Making sense of the world and acting in it relies on building simplified mental representations that abstract away aspects of reality. This principle of cognitive mapping is universal to agents with limited resources. Living organisms,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Marta Kryven , Cole Wyeth , Aidan Curtis , Kevin Ellis

World Models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for learning compact, predictive representations of environment dynamics, enabling agents to reason, plan, and generalize beyond direct experience. Despite recent interest in World Models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Lucas Maes , Quentin Le Lidec , Dan Haramati , Nassim Massaudi , Damien Scieur , Yann LeCun , Randall Balestriero

We give a model-based agent that builds a Python program representing its knowledge of the world based on its interactions with the environment. The world model tries to explain its interactions, while also being optimistic about what…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Hao Tang , Darren Key , Kevin Ellis

Humans and animals can learn new skills after practicing for a few hours, while current reinforcement learning algorithms require a large amount of data to achieve good performances. Recent model-based approaches show promising results by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Cristiano Capone , Pier Stanislao Paolucci

Humans have consciousness as the ability to perceive events and objects: a mental model of the world developed from the most impoverished of visual stimuli, enabling humans to make rapid decisions and take actions. Although spatial and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Lisheng Wu , Minne Li , Jun Wang

We present a novel study on enhancing the capability of preserving the content in world models, focusing on a property we term World Stability. Recent diffusion-based generative models have advanced the synthesis of immersive and realistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Soonwoo Kwon , Jin-Young Kim , Hyojun Go , Kyungjune Baek

Continual learning is often motivated by the idea, known as the big world hypothesis, that "the world is bigger" than the agent. Recent problem formulations capture this idea by explicitly constraining an agent relative to the environment.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Alex Lewandowski , Adtiya A. Ramesh , Edan Meyer , Dale Schuurmans , Marlos C. Machado

In many real-world scenarios, an autonomous agent often encounters various tasks within a single complex environment. We propose to build a graph abstraction over the environment structure to accelerate the learning of these tasks. Here,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Wenling Shang , Alex Trott , Stephan Zheng , Caiming Xiong , Richard Socher

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance in language-centric tasks. However, in agentic settings, LLMs often struggle to anticipate action consequences and adapt to environment dynamics, highlighting the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiao Yu , Baolin Peng , Ruize Xu , Yelong Shen , Pengcheng He , Suman Nath , Nikhil Singh , Jiangfeng Gao , Zhou Yu

We consider the problem of building a state representation model in a continual fashion. As the environment changes, the aim is to efficiently compress the sensory state's information without losing past knowledge. The learned features are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Hugo Caselles-Dupré , Michael Garcia-Ortiz , David Filliat