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We consider the Bethe equations for the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg quantum spin chain with periodic boundary conditions. We formulate a conjecture for the number of solutions with pairwise distinct roots of these equations, in terms of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-11-20 Wenrui Hao , Rafael I. Nepomechie , Andrew J. Sommese

It is known that for the Heisenberg XXZ spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ chain in the critical regime, the scaling limit of the vacuum Bethe roots yields an infinite set of numbers that coincide with the energy spectrum of the quantum mechanical 3D…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Sascha Gehrmann , Gleb A. Kotousov , Sergei L. Lukyanov

We investigate Bethe Ansatz equations for the one-dimensional spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg XXX chain with a special interest in a finite system. Solutions for the two-particle sector are obtained. The ground state in antiferromagnetic case…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 Shao-shiung Lin , Shi-shyr Roan

The string hypothesis of Bethe roots is a cornerstone in the thermodynamic analysis of quantum integrable systems, since it connects root configurations with physical quantities such as the ground-state energy, surface energy and excitation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Zhouzheng Ji , Pei Sun , Xiaotian Xu , Yi Qiao , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang

Recently, the XXX spin chain with arbitrary boundary fields was successfully solved [1] via the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method [2]. The correctness and the completeness of this solution were numerically verified by Nepomechie for one…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-09-26 Yuzhu Jiang , Shuai Cui , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Yupeng Wang

We investigate the thermodynamic limit of the inhomogeneous T-Q relation of the antiferromagnetic XXZ spin chain with antiperiodic boundary condition. It is shown that the contribution of the inhomogeneous term at the ground state can be…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-18 Zhirong Xin , Yi Qiao , Kun Hao , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Kangjie Shi , Yupeng Wang

The off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz method [1] is used to revisit the periodic XXX Heisenberg spin-1/2 chain. It is found that the spectrum of the transfer matrix can be characterized by an inhomogeneous T-Q relation, a natural but nontrivial…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-09 Yupeng Wang , Wen-Li Yang , Junpeng Cao , Kangjie Shi

The properties of the most probable ground state candidate for the XXZ spin chain with the anisotropy parameter equal to -1/2 and an odd number of sites is considered. Some linear combinations of the components of the considered state,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. V. Razumov , Yu. G. Stroganov

We prove the modified algebraic Bethe Ansatz characterization of the spectral problem for the closed XXX Heisenberg spin chain with an arbitrary twist and arbitrary positive (half)-integer spin at each site of the chain. We provide two…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-09-09 Samuel Belliard , Nikita A. Slavnov , Benoit Vallet

We find an analytic solution of the Bethe Ansatz equations (BAE) for the special case of a finite XXZ spin chain with free boundary conditions and with a complex surface field which provides for $U_q(sl(2))$ symmetry of the Hamiltonian.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 V. Fridkin , Yu. Stroganov , D. Zagier

We analyze the ground state of the open spin-1/2 isotropic quantum spin chain with a non-diagonal boundary term using a recently proposed Bethe ansatz solution. As the coefficient of the non-diagonal boundary term tends to zero, the Bethe…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Rafael I. Nepomechie , Chunguang Wang

The exact solution of an integrable anisotropic Heisenberg spin chain with nearest-neighbour, next-nearest-neighbour and scalar chirality couplings is studied, where the boundary condition is the antiperiodic one. The detailed construction…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-06-03 Yi Qiao , Jian Wang , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang

We investigate the thermodynamic limit of the one-dimensional ferromagnetic XXZ model with twisted (or antiperiodic ) boundary condition. It is shown that the distribution of the Bethe roots of the inhomogeneous Bethe Ansatz equations…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-10-30 Yi Qiao , Zhirong Xin , Kun Hao , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Kangjie Shi , Yupeng Wang

In this article we study the thermodynamic limit of the form factors of the XXX Heisenberg spin chain using the algebraic Bethe ansatz approach. Our main goal is to express the form factors for the low-lying excited states as determinants…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Nikolai Kitanine , Giridhar Kulkarni

Finding out root patterns of quantum integrable models is an important step to study their physical properties in the thermodynamic limit. Especially for models without $U(1)$ symmetry, their spectra are usually given by inhomogeneous $T-Q$…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-11-12 Xiong Le , Yi Qiao , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Kangjie Shi , Yupeng Wang

We find an analytic solution of the Bethe Ansatz equations (BAE) for the special case of a finite XXZ spin chain with free boundary conditions and with a complex surface field which provides for $U_q(sl(2))$ symmetry of the Hamiltonian.…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-06-26 V. Fridkin , Yu. Stroganov , D. Zagier

The thermodynamic limit and boundary energy of the isotropic spin-1 Heisenberg chain with non-diagonal boundary fields are studied. The finite size scaling properties of the inhomogeneous term in the $ T-Q $ relation at the ground state are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-07 Zhihan Zheng , Pei Sun , Xiaotian Xu , Tao Yang , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang

The spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain is the canonical example of an integrable quantum many-body model. Despite its exact solvability, explicit finite-size solutions are typically only accessible via numerical evaluation of the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-05-08 Oliver R. Bellwood , William J. Munro

The Bethe equations for the isotropic periodic spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain with N sites have solutions containing i/2, -i/2 that are singular: both the corresponding energy and the algebraic Bethe ansatz vector are divergent. Such solutions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-07-10 Rafael I. Nepomechie , Chunguang Wang

Based on the inhomogeneous T-Q relation constructed via the off-diagonal Bethe Ansatz, the Bethe-type eigenstates of the XXZ spin-1/2 chain with arbitrary boundary fields are constructed. It is found that by employing two sets of gauge…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 Xin Zhang , Yuan-Yuan Li , Junpeng Cao , Wen-Li Yang , Kangjie Shi , Yupeng Wang
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