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The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a classical combinatorial optimisation problem. Deep learning has been successfully extended to meta-learning, where previous solving efforts assist in learning how to optimise future optimisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , A. K. Qin , Tabinda Sarwar

This work presents a tensor-network formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and several of its variants. The approach represents candidate tours with tensor-network layers, weights them by Boltzmann factors, and enforces…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Alejandro Mata Ali , Iñigo Perez Delgado , Aitor Moreno Fdez. de Leceta

In the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a list of cities and the distances between them are given. The goal is to find the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the original city. The TSP has a wide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-17 Johnny Seay , Edwin Gonzalez , Stephen Lowe , Jesse Crawford , Bryant Wyatt

The Traveling Salesman Problem (often called TSP) is a classic algorithmic problem in the field of computer science and operations research. It is an NP-Hard problem focused on optimization. TSP has several applications even in its purest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Amey Gohil , Manan Tayal , Tezan Sahu , Vyankatesh Sawalpurkar

This paper presents a framework to tackle combinatorial optimization problems using neural networks and reinforcement learning. We focus on the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and train a recurrent network that, given a set of city…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-16 Irwan Bello , Hieu Pham , Quoc V. Le , Mohammad Norouzi , Samy Bengio

We present an application of the tensor network generator-enhanced optimization (TN-GEO) framework to address the traveling salesman problem (TSP), a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge. Our approach employs a tensor network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ryo Sakai , Chen-Yu Liu

We show that the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and its many variants may be modeled as functional optimization problems over a graph. In this formulation, all vertices and arcs of the graph are functionals; i.e., a mapping from a space…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-08 I. M. Ross , R. J. Proulx , M. Karpenko

Combinatorial optimization is the field devoted to the study and practice of algorithms that solve NP-hard problems. As Machine Learning (ML) and deep learning have popularized, several research groups have started to use ML to solve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Antoine François , Quentin Cappart , Louis-Martin Rousseau

Various neural network models have been proposed to tackle combinatorial optimization problems such as the travelling salesman problem (TSP). Existing learning-based TSP methods adopt a simple setting that the training and testing data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Zeyang Zhang , Ziwei Zhang , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

We explore the impact of learning paradigms on training deep neural networks for the Travelling Salesman Problem. We design controlled experiments to train supervised learning (SL) and reinforcement learning (RL) models on fixed graph sizes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Chaitanya K. Joshi , Thomas Laurent , Xavier Bresson

In this work we revisit the Hopfield-Tank algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and report encouraging results, with a different dynamics, that makes the algorithm more efficient finding better solutions in much less…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 M. Argollo de Menezes , T. J. P. Penna

The generalized multiple depot traveling salesmen problem (GMDTSP) is a variant of the multiple depot traveling salesmen problem (MDTSP), where each salesman starts at a distinct depot, the targets are partitioned into clusters and at least…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Kaarthik Sundar , Sivakumar Rathinam

The travelling salesman problem (TSP) is a popular NP-hard-combinatorial optimization problem that requires finding the optimal way for a salesman to travel through different cities once and return to the initial city. The existing methods…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Kapil Goswami , Gagan Anekonda Veereshi , Peter Schmelcher , Rick Mukherjee

This work presents solutions to the Traveling Salesperson Problem with precedence constraints (TSPPC) using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) by adapting recent approaches that work well for regular TSPs. Common to these approaches is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Christian Löwens , Inaam Ashraf , Alexander Gembus , Genesis Cuizon , Jonas K. Falkner , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

In this work, we introduce Graph Pointer Networks (GPNs) trained using reinforcement learning (RL) for tackling the traveling salesman problem (TSP). GPNs build upon Pointer Networks by introducing a graph embedding layer on the input,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Qiang Ma , Suwen Ge , Danyang He , Darshan Thaker , Iddo Drori

This paper proposes a hybrid genetic algorithm for solving the Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (mTSP) to minimize the length of the longest tour. The genetic algorithm utilizes a TSP sequence as the representation of each individual,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Sasan Mahmoudinazlou , Changhyun Kwon

In this paper, we present a polynomial-sized linear programming formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed linear program is a network flow-based model. Numerical implementation issues and results are discussed. (The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-11 Moustapha Diaby

The Travelling Salesman and its variations are some of the most well known NP hard optimisation problems. This paper looks to use both centralised and decentralised implementations of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) to solve a dynamic variant…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Thomas E. Kent , Arthur G. Richards

The generalized traveling salesman problem (GTSP) is an extension of the well-known traveling salesman problem. In GTSP, we are given a partition of cities into groups and we are required to find a minimum length tour that includes exactly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-03-30 Gregory Gutin , Daniel Karapetyan

Most neural solvers for the Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) are trained to output a single solution, even though practitioners rarely stop there: at test time, they routinely spend extra compute on sampling or post-hoc search. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Andoni Irazusta Garmendia