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Related papers: Cosmic-ray ionisation in circumstellar discs

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Cosmic rays (CRs) are dynamically important for the formation and evolution of galaxies by regulating star formation and by powering galactic outflows. However, to what extent CRs regulate galaxy formation depends on the coupling strength…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-12-27 Philipp Girichidis , Maria Werhahn , Christoph Pfrommer , Rüdiger Pakmor , Volker Springel

Observational and theoretical evidence suggests that high-energy Galactic cosmic rays are primarily accelerated by supernova remnants. If also true for low-energy cosmic rays, the ionization rate near a supernova remnant should be higher…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 Nick Indriolo , Geoffrey A. Blake , Miwa Goto , Tomonori Usuda , Takeshi Oka , T. R. Geballe , Brian D. Fields , Benjamin J. McCall

Cosmic rays (CR), both solar and Galactic, have an ionising effect on the Earth's atmosphere and are thought to be important for prebiotic molecule production. In particular, the $\rm{H_2}$-dominated atmosphere following an ocean-vaporising…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-07 S. R. Raeside , D. Rodgers-Lee , P. B. Rimmer

The coarse-grained propagation of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) is traditionally constrained by phenomenological models of Milky Way CR propagation fit to a variety of direct and indirect observables; however, constraining the fine-grained…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-02-07 Chad Bustard , John Wu

We present results on the interstellar medium (ISM) properties of 29 galaxies based on a comparison of {\it Spitzer} far-infrared and Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope radio continuum imagery. Of these 29 galaxies, 18 are close enough to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-19 E. J. Murphy , G. Helou , J. D. P. Kenney , L. Armus , R. Braun

We have made a new calculation of the cosmic-ray secondary positron spectrum using a diffusive halo model for Galactic cosmic-ray propagation. The code computes self-consistently the spectra of primary and secondary nucleons, primary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-30 I. V. Moskalenko , A. W. Strong

We present three-dimensional astrochemical simulations and synthetic observations of magnetised, turbulent, self-gravitating molecular clouds. We explore various galactic interstellar medium environments, including cosmic-ray ionization…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-20 Thomas G. Bisbas , Jonathan C. Tan , Kei E. I. Tanaka

We investigate the diffusion of cosmic rays (CR) close to their sources. Propagating individual CRs in purely isotropic turbulent magnetic fields with maximal scale of spatial variations Lmax, we find that CRs diffuse anisotropically at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-06-29 G. Giacinti , M. Kachelriess , D. V. Semikoz

How cosmic rays sample the multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM) in starburst galaxies has important implications for many science goals, including evaluating the cosmic ray calorimeter model for these systems, predicting their neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-11-22 Erin Boettcher , Ellen G. Zweibel , Tova M. Yoast-Hull , J. S. Gallagher

Cosmic rays (CRs) may be used to infer properties of intervening cosmic magnetic fields. Conversely, understanding the effects of magnetic fields on the propagation of high-energy CRs is crucial to elucidate their origin. In the present…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-11-08 R. Alves Batista , E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , K. Dolag , S. Hussain

We derive explicit, algebraic expressions for the steady-state number density of cosmic ray electrons as a function of position and energy using Green's function of the diffusion equation with energy losses for an axisymmetric distributions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-28 Anvar Shukurov , Charles Jose

We study the propagation of mildly-relativistic cosmic rays (CRs) in multiphase interstellar medium environments with conditions typical of nearby disk galaxies. We employ the techniques developed in Armillotta+21 to post-process three…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-05-04 Lucia Armillotta , Eve C. Ostriker , Yan-Fei Jiang

The secondary/primary cosmic-ray ratios and the diffuse backgrounds of gamma rays and neutrinos provide us with complementary information about the transport of Galactic cosmic rays~(CRs). We used the recent measurement of the diffuse gamma…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-13 Antonio Ambrosone , Carmelo Evoli , Benedikt Schroer , Pasquale Blasi

H II regions are the signposts of massive ($M\geq\,8\,M_\odot$) star-forming sites in our Galaxy. It has been observed that the ionizing photon rate inferred from the radio continuum emission of H II regions is significantly lower ($\sim$…

The physics of Cosmic ray (CR) transport remains a key uncertainty in assessing whether CRs can produce galaxy-scale outflows consistent with observations. In this paper, we elucidate the physics of CR-driven galactic winds for CR transport…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-11-24 Eliot Quataert , Todd A. Thompson , Yan-Fei Jiang

(Abridged) The far-infrared (FIR) and radio luminosities of star-forming galaxies are linearly correlated over a very wide range in star formation rate, from normal spirals like the Milky Way to the most intense starbursts. Using one-zone…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Brian C. Lacki , Todd A. Thompson , Eliot Quataert

Context. Cosmic ray particles that hit interstellar grains in dark molecular cores may induce whole-grain heating. The high temperature of a CR-heated grain allows energy barriers for bulk diffusion and reactions to be overcome.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-12-17 Juris Kalvans

We recently found that streaming cosmic rays (CRs) induce a resistive electric field that can accelerate secondary electrons produced by CR ionization. In this work, we study the evolution of the energy spectrum of secondary electrons by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-26 Yutaka Ohira

The problem of the origin of cosmic rays in the shocks produced by supernova explosions at energies below the so called 'knee' (at ~3*10$^6$ GeV) in the energy spectrum is addressed, with special attention to the propagation of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. D. Erlykin , A. A. Lagutin , A. W. Wolfendale

We study the effects of escaping cosmic rays (CRs) on the interstellar medium (ISM) around their source with spherically symmetric CR-hydrodynamical simulations taking into account the evolution of the CR energy spectrum, radiative cooling,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-07 Jiro Shimoda , Katsuaki Asano , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka