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Research on reasoning in language models (LMs) predominantly focuses on improving the correctness of their outputs. But some important applications require modeling reasoning patterns that are incorrect. For example, automated systems that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Alexis Ross , Jacob Andreas

Planning problems are hard, motion planning, for example, isPSPACE-hard. Such problems are even more difficult in the presence of uncertainty. Although, Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) provide a formal framework for such problems, finding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Carlos E. Guestrin , Dirk Ormoneit

Navigation is a must-have skill for any mobile robot. A core challenge in navigation is the need to account for an ample number of possible configurations of environment and navigation contexts. We claim that a mobile robot should be able…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Amar Halilovic , Senka Krivic

We study planning problems where autonomous agents operate inside environments that are subject to uncertainties and not fully observable. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are a natural formal model to capture such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-28 Steven Carr , Nils Jansen , Ralf Wimmer , Jie Fu , Ufuk Topcu

Large language models (LLMs) have gained increasing popularity in robotic task planning due to their exceptional abilities in text analytics and generation, as well as their broad knowledge of the world. However, they fall short in decoding…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Aoran Mei , Guo-Niu Zhu , Huaxiang Zhang , Zhongxue Gan

Systems now exist which are able to compile unification grammars into language models that can be included in a speech recognizer, but it is so far unclear whether non-trivial linguistically principled grammars can be used for this purpose.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Manny Rayner , Beth Ann Hockey , Frankie James , Elizabeth O. Bratt , Sharon Goldwater , Mark Gawron

With the advancement of robotics, machine learning, and machine perception, increasingly more robots will enter human environments to assist with daily tasks. However, dynamically-changing human environments requires reactive motion plans.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Akshara Rai , Giovanni Sutanto , Stefan Schaal , Franziska Meier

In order to satisfy safety conditions, an agent may be constrained from acting freely. A safe controller can be designed a priori if an environment is well understood, but not when learning is employed. In particular, reinforcement learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Eleanor Quint , Dong Xu , Samuel Flint , Stephen Scott , Matthew Dwyer

Counterfactual explanations are attracting significant attention due to the flourishing applications of machine learning models in consequential domains. A counterfactual plan consists of multiple possibilities to modify a given instance so…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Ngoc Bui , Duy Nguyen , Viet Anh Nguyen

We address the general task of structured commonsense reasoning: given a natural language input, the goal is to generate a graph such as an event -- or a reasoning-graph. To employ large language models (LMs) for this task, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Aman Madaan , Shuyan Zhou , Uri Alon , Yiming Yang , Graham Neubig

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into complex software systems enables the generation of human-understandable explanations of opaque AI processes, such as automated task planning. However, the quality and reliability of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Gricel Vázquez , Alexandros Evangelidis , Sepeedeh Shahbeigi , Radu Calinescu , Simos Gerasimou

Language models have been shown to perform remarkably well on a wide range of natural language processing tasks. In this paper, we propose LEAP, a novel system that uses language models to perform multi-step logical reasoning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Hongyu Zhao , Kangrui Wang , Mo Yu , Hongyuan Mei

Purpose of Review: To effectively synthesise and analyse multi-robot behaviour, we require formal task-level models which accurately capture multi-robot execution. In this paper, we review modelling formalisms for multi-robot systems under…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Charlie Street , Masoumeh Mansouri , Bruno Lacerda

Humans can observe a single, imperfect demonstration and immediately generalize to very different problem settings. Robots, in contrast, often require hundreds of examples and still struggle to generalize beyond the training conditions. We…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Ben Zandonati , Tomás Lozano-Pérez , Leslie Pack Kaelbling

We introduce a novel data generation method for contradiction detection, which leverages the generative power of large language models as well as linguistic rules. Our vision is to provide a condensed corpus of prototypical contradictions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Maren Pielka , Svetlana Schmidt , Rafet Sifa

Solutions to math word problems (MWPs) with step-by-step explanations are valuable, especially in education, to help students better comprehend problem-solving strategies. Most existing approaches only focus on obtaining the final correct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Mengxue Zhang , Zichao Wang , Zhichao Yang , Weiqi Feng , Andrew Lan

Recent advances in LLM have been instrumental in autonomous robot control and human-robot interaction by leveraging their vast general knowledge and capabilities to understand and reason across a wide range of tasks and scenarios. Previous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Jonas Bode , Bastian Pätzold , Raphael Memmesheimer , Sven Behnke

The emergence of large pre-trained models based on natural language has breathed new life into robotics development. Extensive research has integrated large models with robots, utilizing the powerful semantic understanding and generation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tianqiang Yan , Ziqiao Lin , Sicheng Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Zhenglong Sun

Counterexamples explain why a desired temporal logic property fails to hold. The generation of counterexamples is considered to be one of the primary advantages of model checking as a verification technique. Furthermore, when model checking…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-07-11 G. W. Hamilton

We propose a novel training regime termed counterfactual training that leverages counterfactual explanations to increase the explanatory capacity of models. Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a popular post-hoc explanation method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Patrick Altmeyer , Aleksander Buszydlik , Arie van Deursen , Cynthia C. S. Liem