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Learning effective protein representations is critical in a variety of tasks in biology such as predicting protein function or structure. Existing approaches usually pretrain protein language models on a large number of unlabeled amino acid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Zuobai Zhang , Minghao Xu , Arian Jamasb , Vijil Chenthamarakshan , Aurelie Lozano , Payel Das , Jian Tang

Machine learning methods are powerful in distinguishing different phases of matter in an automated way and provide a new perspective on the study of physical phenomena. We train a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) on data constructed with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-23 Shotaro Shiba Funai , Dimitrios Giataganas

Machine learning (ML)-guided directed evolution is a new paradigm for biological design that enables optimization of complex functions. ML methods use data to predict how sequence maps to function without requiring a detailed model of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-23 Kevin K. Yang , Zachary Wu , Frances H. Arnold

Learning from 3D protein structures has gained wide interest in protein modeling and structural bioinformatics. Unfortunately, the number of available structures is orders of magnitude lower than the training data sizes commonly used in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-06-01 Pedro Hermosilla , Timo Ropinski

We introduce RosettaSearch, an inference-time multi-objective optimization approach for backbone conditioned protein sequence design. We use large language models (LLMs) as a generative optimizer within a search algorithm capable of…

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are generative models designed to learn from data with a rich underlying structure. In this work, we explore a teacher-student setting where a student RBM learns from examples generated by a teacher RBM,…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-02-02 Gianluca Manzan , Daniele Tantari

This paper describes two applications of conditional restricted Boltzmann machines (CRBMs) to the task of autotagging music. The first consists of training a CRBM to predict tags that a user would apply to a clip of a song based on tags…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-03-16 Michael Mandel , Razvan Pascanu , Hugo Larochelle , Yoshua Bengio

This paper addresses the challenges of mining latent patterns and modeling contextual dependencies in complex sequence data. A sequence pattern mining algorithm is proposed by integrating Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Tao Yang , Yu Cheng , Yaokun Ren , Yujia Lou , Minggu Wei , Honghui Xin

We present a machine learning framework for modeling protein dynamics. Our approach uses L1-regularized, reversible hidden Markov models to understand large protein datasets generated via molecular dynamics simulations. Our model is…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2014-05-08 Robert T. McGibbon , Bharath Ramsundar , Mohammad M. Sultan , Gert Kiss , Vijay S. Pande

This talk will review a little over a decade's research on applying certain stochastic models to biological sequence analysis. The models themselves have a longer history, going back over 30 years, although many novel variants have arisen…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 T. P. Speed

While protein language models (PLMs) are one of the most promising avenues of research for future de novo protein design, the way in which they transform sequences to hidden representations, as well as the information encoded in such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kosio Beshkov , Anders Malthe-Sørenssen

Proteins are macromolecules that perform essential functions in all living organisms. Designing novel proteins with specific structures and desired functions has been a long-standing challenge in the field of bioengineering. Existing…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-03 Chence Shi , Chuanrui Wang , Jiarui Lu , Bozitao Zhong , Jian Tang

A restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) learns a probability distribution over its input samples and has numerous uses like dimensionality reduction, classification and generative modeling. Conventional RBMs accept vectorized data that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Cong Chen , Kim Batselier , Ching-Yun Ko , Ngai Wong

Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM) based p-bit neuromorphic computing devices are garnering increasing interest as a means to compactly and efficiently realize machine learning operations in Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs). When…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Paul Wood , Hossein Pourmeidani , Ronald F. DeMara

Unsupervised neural nets such as Restricted Boltzmann Machines(RBMs) and Deep Belif Networks(DBNs), are powerful in automatic feature extraction,unsupervised weight initialization and density estimation. In this paper,we demonstrate that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Zhiwen Zuo , Lei Zhao , Liwen Zuo , Feng Jiang , Wei Xing , Dongming Lu

Conditional generative models are capable of using contextual information as input to create new imaginative outputs. Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machines (CRBMs) are one class of conditional generative models that have proven to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Alex H. Lang , Anton D. Loukianov , Charles K. Fisher

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are fundamental to numerous cellular processes, and their characterization is vital for understanding disease mechanisms and guiding drug discovery. While protein language models (PLMs) have demonstrated…

Protein language models (pLMs) have demonstrated success at generating functional proteins across vast sequence spaces but lack the ability to design high-fitness variants on demand. Here, we iteratively guide pLMs toward user-defined…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Filippo Stocco , Maria Artigues-Lleixa , Andrea Hunklinger , Talal Widatalla , Marc Guell , Noelia Ferruz

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

Current statistical models for structured prediction make simplifying assumptions about the underlying output graph structure, such as assuming a low-order Markov chain, because exact inference becomes intractable as the tree-width of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2010-03-26 Xu Miao , Rajesh P. N. Rao