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Knowledge of the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae is a fundamental component in understanding the explosions. The recent progress in finding such stars is reviewed. The minimum initial mass that can produce a supernova has converged…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Stephen J. Smartt

The physics of core-collapse (CC) supernovae (SNe) and how the explosions depend on progenitor properties are central questions in astronomy. For only a handful of SNe, the progenitor star has been identified in pre-explosion images.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-30 Katie Auchettl , Laura A. Lopez , Carles Badenes , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , John F. Beacom , Tyler Holland-Ashford

Identifying the massive progenitor stars that give rise to core-collapse supernovae (SNe) is one of the main pursuits of supernova and stellar evolution studies. Using ground-based images of recent, nearby SNe obtained primarily with KAIT,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Schuyler D. Van Dyk , Weidong Li , Alexei V. Filippenko

Generally accepted scheme distinguishes two main classes of supernovae (SNe): Ia resulting from the old stellar population (deflagration of a white dwarf in close binary systems), and SNe of type II and Ib/c whose ancestors are young…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Bojan Arbutina

There is observational evidence of a dearth in core-collapse supernova (ccSN) explosions from stars with zero age main sequence (ZAMS) mass M_0~17-30 Msol, referred to as the 'red supergiant problem'. However, simulations now predict that…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-19 P. Schady , J. J. Eldridge , J. Anderson , T. -W. Chen , L. Galbany , H. Kuncarayakti , L. Xiao

Much controversy surrounds the inferred progenitor masses of Type II-Plateau (II-P) supernovae (SNe). The debate is nourished by the discrepant results from radiation-hydrodynamics simulations, from pre-explosion imaging, and from studies…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-08 Luc Dessart , D. John Hillier

Stars in the mass range from 8 to 10 solar masses are expected to produce one of two types of supernovae (SNe), either electron-capture supernovae (ECSNe) or core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), depending on their previous evolution. Either of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-17 Alexandra Kozyreva , Petr Baklanov , Samuel Jones , Georg Stockinger , Hans-Thomas Janka

The masses and the evolutionary states of the progenitors of core-collapse supernovae are not well constrained by direct observations. Stellar evolution theory generally predicts that massive stars with initial masses less than about…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. J. Smartt

The progenitors of hydrogen-poor core-collapse supernovae (SNe) of types Ib, Ic and IIb are believed to have shed their outer hydrogen envelopes either by extremely strong stellar winds, characteristic of classical Wolf-Rayet stars, or by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-02-03 T. Heikkilä , S. Tsygankov , S. Mattila , J. J. Eldridge , M. Fraser , J. Poutanen

This paper reports an environmental analysis of 41 uniformly-selected stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe) based on deep ultraviolet-optical images acquired by the Hubble Space Telescope. Young stellar populations are detected in most SN…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-15 Ning-Chen Sun , Justyn R. Maund , Paul A. Crowther

We study the spatial correlations between the H$\alpha$ emission and different types of massive stars in two local galaxies, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and Messier 33. We compare these to correlations derived for core-collapse…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-11 T. Kangas , L. Portinari , S. Mattila , M. Fraser , E. Kankare , R. G. Izzard , P. James , C. González-Fernández , J. R. Maund , A. Thompson

Recent modeling of hydrogen-rich Type II supernova (SN II) light curves suggests the presence of dense circumstellar material (CSM) surrounding the exploding progenitor stars. This has important implications for the activity and structure…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-05-22 Viktoriya Morozova , Anthony L. Piro , Stefano Valenti

The direct detection of core-collapse supernova (SN) progenitor stars is a powerful way of probing the last stages of stellar evolution. However, detections in archival Hubble Space Telescope images are limited to about one per year. Here,…

The explosion of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) is an extremely challenging problem, and there are still large uncertainties regarding which stars lead to successful explosions that leave behind a neutron star, and which ones will form a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-30 Luca Boccioli , Giacomo Fragione

The observational properties of core-collapse supernovae (CC-SNe) are shaped by the envelopes of their progenitors. In massive binary systems, mass-transfer alters the pre-SN structures compared to single stars, leading to a diversity in SN…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-11 Andrea Ercolino , Harim Jin , Norbert Langer , Avishay Gal-Yam , Abel Schootemeijer , Caroline Mannes

Connecting observations of core-collapse supernova explosions to the properties of their massive star progenitors is a long-sought, and challenging, goal of supernova science. Recently, Barker et al. (2022) presented bolometric light curves…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-15 Brandon L. Barker , Evan P. O'Connor , Sean M. Couch

The search for the progenitors of six core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) in archival HST WFPC2 pre-explosion imaging is presented here. These SNe are 1999an, 1999br, 1999ev, 2000ds, 2000ew and 2001B. Post-explosion imaging of the SNe, with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Justyn R. Maund , Stephen J. Smartt

We present the results of a 10.5 yr, volume limited (28 Mpc) search for supernova (SN) progenitor stars. We compile all SNe discovered within this volume (132, of which 27% are type Ia) and determine the relative rates of each sub-type from…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. J. Smartt , J. J. Eldridge , R. M. Crockett , J. R. Maund

Current explanations of the mass-loss mechanism for stripped-envelope supernovae remain divided between single and binary progenitor systems. Here we obtain deep ultraviolet (UV) imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) of the Type Ic…

The progenitors of Type II-P supernovae (SN) have been confirmed to be red supergiants. However, the upper mass limit of the directly probed progenitors is much lower than that predicted by current theories, and the accurate determination…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-03 Xinyi Hong , Ning-Chen Sun , Zexi Niu , Junjie Wu , Qiang Xi , Jifeng Liu