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The Wasserstein distance is a metric on a space of probability measures that has seen a surge of applications in statistics, machine learning, and applied mathematics. However, statistical aspects of Wasserstein distances are bottlenecked…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-02 Ziv Goldfeld , Kengo Kato , Sloan Nietert , Gabriel Rioux

In the study of dynamical and physical systems, the input parameters are often uncertain or randomly distributed according to a measure $\varrho$. The system's response $f$ pushes forward $\varrho$ to a new measure $f\circ \varrho$ which we…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2019-11-15 Amir Sagiv

The Wasserstein distances $W_p$ ($p\geq 1$), defined in terms of solution to the Monge-Kantorovich problem, are known to be a useful tool to investigate transport equations. In particular, the Benamou-Brenier formula characterizes the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2014-11-19 Benedetto Piccoli , Francesco Rossi

This article proposes a method to consistently estimate functionals $\frac1p\sum_{i=1}^pf(\lambda_i(C_1C_2))$ of the eigenvalues of the product of two covariance matrices $C_1,C_2\in\mathbb{R}^{p\times p}$ based on the empirical estimates…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-11 Malik Tiomoko , Romain Couillet

We introduce the observable Wasserstein distance, a framework for deriving lower bounds on the Wasserstein distance between probability measures on Polish metric spaces, designed to bypass the computational intractability of exact optimal…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Edivaldo Lopes dos Santos , Leandro Vicente Mauri , Washington Mio , Tom Needham

We study the Wasserstein distance of order 1 between the empirical distribution and the marginal distribution of stationary $\alpha$-dependent sequences. We prove some moments inequalities of order p for any p $\ge$ 1, and we give some…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-03 Jérôme Dedecker , Florence Merlevède

The Wasserstein distance is a distance between two probability distributions and has recently gained increasing popularity in statistics and machine learning, owing to its attractive properties. One important approach to extending this…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-14 Ryo Okano , Masaaki Imaizumi

We provide upper bounds of the expected Wasserstein distance between a probability measure and its empirical version, generalizing recent results for finite dimensional Euclidean spaces and bounded functional spaces. Such a generalization…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-29 Jing Lei

Optimal transport and the Wasserstein distance $\mathcal{W}_p$ have recently seen a number of applications in the fields of statistics, machine learning, data science, and the physical sciences. These applications are however severely…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-24 Ruiyu Han , Cynthia Rush , Johannes Wiesel

The Wasserstein distance has emerged as a key metric to quantify distances between probability distributions, with applications in various fields, including machine learning, control theory, decision theory, and biological systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Luca Laurenti

The Wasserstein distance is an attractive tool for data analysis but statistical inference is hindered by the lack of distributional limits. To overcome this obstacle, for probability measures supported on finitely many points, we derive…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-27 Max Sommerfeld , Axel Munk

The Wasserstein distance quantifies the distance between two probability measures on a metric space. We prove an analogue of the Berry-Esseen inequality for the Wasserstein distance on a finite area hyperbolic surface. This inequality…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Peter Humphries

In this manuscript we investigate the equivalence of Fourier-based metrics on discrete state spaces with the well-known Wasserstein distances. While the use of Fourier-based metrics in continuous state spaces is ubiquitous since its…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Fei Cao , Xiaoqian Gong

In this note, we propose an extension of the Wasserstein 1-metric ($W_1$) for matrix probability densities, matrix-valued density measures, and an unbalanced interpretation of mass transport. The key is using duality theory, in particular,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-07 Yongxin Chen , Tryphon T. Georgiou , Lipeng Ning , Allen Tannenbaum

Optimal transportation theory and the related $p$-Wasserstein distance ($W_p$, $p\geq 1$) are widely-applied in statistics and machine learning. In spite of their popularity, inference based on these tools has some issues. For instance, it…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-01 Yiming Ma , Hang Liu , Davide La Vecchia , Metthieu Lerasle

We prove general upper estimates for the distance between two Borel probability measures in Wasserstein metric in terms of the Fourier transforms of the measures. We work in compact manifolds including the torus, the Euclidean unit sphere,…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-10-27 Bence Borda , Jean-Claude Cuenin

We provide an implementation to compute the flat metric in any dimension. The flat metric, also called dual bounded Lipschitz distance, generalizes the well-known Wasserstein distance $W_1$ to the case that the distributions are of unequal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Henri Schmidt , Christian Düll

By using the spectrum of the underlying symmetric diffusion operator, the convergence in $L^p$-Wasserstein distance $\mathbb W_p (p\ge 1)$ is characterized for the empirical measure $\mu_t$ of non-symmetric subordinated diffusion processes…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-28 Feng-Yu Wang

The aim of this article is to write the $p$-Wasserstein metric $W_p$ with the $p$-norm, $p\in [1,\infty)$, on $\R^d$ in terms of copula. In particular for the case of one-dimensional distributions, we get that the copula employed to get the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-29 Mariem Abdellatif , Peter Kuching , Barbara Rüdiger , Irene Ventura

Motivated by the Bures distance, we introduce a new family of distances, \emph{relative translation invariant Wasserstein distances}, denoted by $RW_p$, as an extension of the classical Wasserstein distances $W_p$ for $p \in [1, +\infty)$.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Binshuai Wang , Qiwei Di , Ming Yin , Mengdi Wang , Quanquan Gu , Peng Wei
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