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Information and computer security is supported largely by passwords which are the principle part of the authentication process. The most common computer authentication method is to use alphanumerical username and password which has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-12-08 Arash Habibi Lashkari , Samaneh Farmand , Dr. Omar Bin Zakaria , Dr. Rosli Saleh

Shoulder-surfing is a known risk where an attacker can capture a password by direct observation or by recording the authentication session. Due to the visual interface, this problem has become exacerbated in graphical passwords. There have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-13 Haichang Gao , Zhongjie Ren , Xiuling Chang , Xiyang Liu , Uwe Aickelin

Graphical passwords are implemented as an alternative scheme to replace alphanumeric passwords to help users to memorize their password. However, most of the graphical password systems are vulnerable to shoulder-surfing attack due to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Amanul Islam , Fazidah Othman , Nazmus Sakib , Hafiz Md. Hasan Babu

Shoulder surfing is an attack vector widely recognized as a real threat - enough to warrant researchers dedicating a considerable effort toward designing novel authentication methods to be shoulder surfing resistant. Despite a multitude of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Leon Bošnjak , Boštjan Brumen

Gaze-tracking is a novel way of interacting with computers which allows new scenarios, such as enabling people with motor-neuron disabilities to control their computers or doctors to interact with patient information without touching screen…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Jatin Sharma , Jon Campbell , Pete Ansell , Jay Beavers , Christopher O'Dowd

The trend toward a highly mobile workforce and the ubiquity of graphical interfaces (such as the stylus and touch-screen) has enabled the emergence of graphical authentications in Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) [1]. However, most of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-06-03 Xiyang Liu , Zhongjie Ren , Xiuling Chang , Haichang Gao , Uwe Aickelin

Eye-tracking technology is being increasingly integrated into mixed reality devices. Although critical applications are being enabled, there are significant possibilities for violating user privacy expectations. We show that there is an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Brendan David-John , Diane Hosfelt , Kevin Butler , Eakta Jain

Gaze and face tracking algorithms have traditionally battled a compromise between computational complexity and accuracy; the most accurate neural net algorithms cannot be implemented in real time, but less complex real-time algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-21 George He , Sami Oueida , Tucker Ward

Given the nature of mobile devices and unlock procedures, unlock authentication is a prime target for credential leaking via shoulder surfing, a form of an observation attack. While the research community has investigated solutions to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-26 Adam J. Aviv , John T. Davin , Flynn Wolf , Ravi Kuber

Eye movements play a vital role in perceiving the world. Eye gaze can give a direct indication of the users point of attention, which can be useful in improving human-computer interaction. Gaze estimation in a non-intrusive manner can make…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Anjith George

Preservation of information and computer security is broadly dependent on the secured authentication system which is underpinned by password. Text based password is a commonly used and available system for authentication. But it bears many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Sanjida Akter Sharna , Sheikh Ashraf Ali

Traditional authentication methods, such as passwords and biometrics, verify a user's identity only at the start of a session, leaving systems vulnerable to session hijacking. Continuous authentication, however, ensures ongoing verification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Sai Ganesh Grandhi , Saeed Samet

Passwords remain a widely-used authentication mechanism, despite their well-known security and usability limitations. To improve on this situation, next-generation authentication mechanisms, based on behavioral biometric factors such as eye…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Matin Fallahi , Patricia Arias Cabarcos , Thorsten Strufe

We address the problem of shoulder-surfing attacks on authentication schemes by proposing IllusionPIN (IPIN), a PIN-based authentication method that operates on touchscreen devices. IPIN uses the technique of hybrid images to blend two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Athanasios Papadopoulos , Toan Nguyen , Emre Durmus , Nasir Memon

With eye tracking being increasingly integrated into virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) head-mounted displays, preserving users' privacy is an ever more important, yet under-explored, topic in the eye tracking community. We report a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Julian Steil , Inken Hagestedt , Michael Xuelin Huang , Andreas Bulling

Video-based eye trackers capture the iris biometric and enable authentication to secure user identity. However, biometric authentication is susceptible to spoofing another user's identity through physical or digital manipulation. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Anish S. Narkar , Brendan David-John

Purpose of the research: In the biometric community, visible human characteristics are popular and viable for verification and identification on mobile devices. However, imposters are able to spoof such characteristics by creating fake and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Jalil Nourmohammadi Khiarak

Recent developments in hardware, computer graphics, and AI may soon enable AR/VR head-mounted displays (HMDs) to become everyday devices like smartphones and tablets. Eye trackers within HMDs provide a special opportunity for such setups as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Mengdi Wang , Efe Bozkir , Enkelejda Kasneci

Recent advancements in eye tracking technology are driving the adoption of gaze-assisted interaction as a rich and accessible human-computer interaction paradigm. Gaze-assisted interaction serves as a contextual, non-invasive, and explicit…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Vijay Rajanna , Tracy Hammond

People use mobile devices ubiquitously for computing, communication, storage, web browsing, and more. As a result, the information accessed and stored within mobile devices, such as financial and health information, text messages, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Brian Tang , Kang G. Shin
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