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This paper introduces a formal definition of a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) in the spirit of the CPS Framework proposed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). It shows that using this definition, various problems…

Due to major breakthroughs in software and engineering technologies, embedded systems are increasingly being utilized in areas ranging from aerospace and next-generation transportation systems, to smart grid and smart cities, to health care…

The aim of this study is to present an overview of current research on modelling, evaluation, and optimization methods for improving the reliability of Cyber-Physical System (CPS). Three major modelling approaches, namely analytical,…

Cyber Physical Systems solve complex problems through their tight integration between the physical and computational components. Therefore, the reliability of a complex system is the most critical requirement for the cyber physical system…

Formal guarantees for cyber-physical systems (CPS) rely on diverse assumptions. If satisfied, these assumptions enable the transfer of abstract guarantees into real-world assurances about the deployed CPS. Although assumptions are central…

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) can be found everywhere: smart homes, autonomous vehicles, aircrafts, healthcare, agriculture and industrial production lines. CPSs are often critical, as system failure can cause serious damage to property and…

The adoption of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is on the rise in complex physical environments, encompassing domains such as autonomous vehicles, the Internet of Things (IoT), and smart cities. A critical attribute of CPS is robustness,…

Several sources of uncertainty have to be taken into account in the analysis and design of CPS. The set of parameters used in the model of the physical plant of a CPS may be uncertain due, for example, to manufacturing processes that are…

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) allow us to manipulate objects in the physical world by providing a communication bridge between computation and actuation elements. In the current scheme of things, this sought-after control is marred by…

With the exponential growth of cyber-physical systems (CPS), new security challenges have emerged. Various vulnerabilities, threats, attacks, and controls have been introduced for the new generation of CPS. However, there lack a systematic…

Cyber-physical systems have encountered a huge success in the past decade in several scientific communities, and specifically in production topics. The main attraction of the concept relies in the fact that it encompasses many scientific…

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) pose new challenges to verification and validation that go beyond the proof of functional correctness based on high-level models. Particular challenges are, in particular for formal methods, its heterogeneity…

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) involve the interconnection of heterogeneous computing devices which are closely integrated with the physical processes under control. Often, these systems are resource-constrained and require specific features…

Principles of modern cyber-physical system (CPS) analysis are based on analytical methods that depend on whether safety or liveness requirements are considered. Complexity is abstracted through different techniques, ranging from stochastic…

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are assemblies of networked, heterogeneous, hardware, and software components sensing, evaluating, and actuating a physical environment. This heterogeneity induces complexity that makes CPSs challenging to model…

Recent advancements in technology have led to the emergence of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), which seamlessly integrate the cyber and physical domains in various sectors such as agriculture, autonomous systems, and healthcare. This…

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are often defended in the same manner as information technology (IT) systems -- by using perimeter security. Multiple factors make such defenses insufficient for CPS. Resiliency shows potential in overcoming…

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) operate in dynamic environments, leading to different types of uncertainty. This work provides a comprehensive review of uncertainty representations and categorizes them based on the dimensions used to represent…

The integration of cyber technologies (computing and communication) with the physical world gives rise to complex systems referred to as Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), for example, manufacturing, transportation, smart grid, and water…

Concerns for the resilience of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)s in critical infrastructure are growing. CPS integrate sensing, computation, control, and networking into physical objects and mission-critical services, connecting traditional…