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With the rapid rise of InsurTech, traditional insurance companies are increasingly exploring alternative data sources and advanced technologies to sustain their competitive edge. This paper provides both a conceptual overview and practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Panyi Dong , Zhiyu Quan

Software developers embed logging statements inside the source code as an imperative duty in modern software development as log files are necessary for tracking down runtime system issues and troubleshooting system management tasks. Prior…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Sina Gholamian

We propose a unified neural network architecture and learning algorithm that can be applied to various natural language processing tasks including: part-of-speech tagging, chunking, named entity recognition, and semantic role labeling. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-03-03 Ronan Collobert , Jason Weston , Leon Bottou , Michael Karlen , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Pavel Kuksa

Safety- and security-critical systems have to be thoroughly tested against their specifications. The state of practice is to have _natural language_ specifications, from which test cases are derived manually - a process that is slow,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Kuangxiangzi Liu , Dhiman Chakraborty , Alexander Liggesmeyer , Andreas Zeller

Natural language processing (NLP) enables the understanding and generation of meaningful human language, typically using a pre-trained complex architecture on a large dataset to learn the language and next fine-tune its weights to implement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yarden Tzach , Ronit D. Gross , Ella Koresh , Shalom Rosner , Or Shpringer , Tal Halevi , Ido Kanter

In almost all text generation applications, word sequences are constructed in a left-to-right (L2R) or right-to-left (R2L) manner, as natural language sentences are written either L2R or R2L. However, we find that the natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Yong Cao , Yukun Feng , Shaohui Kuang , Gu Xu

The emergence of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has shown great success in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks including text classification. Due to the minimal to no feature engineering required when using these models, PLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Yasmen Wahba , Nazim Madhavji , John Steinbacher

The package cleanNLP provides a set of fast tools for converting a textual corpus into a set of normalized tables. The underlying natural language processing pipeline utilizes Stanford's CoreNLP library, exposing a number of annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-04 Taylor Arnold

It has been found that software, like natural language texts, exhibits "naturalness", which can be captured by statistical language models. In recent years, neural language models have been proposed to represent the naturalness of software…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Thomas Dowdell , Hongyu Zhang

Code analysis is fundamental in Software Engineering, supporting debugging, optimization, and security assessment. Human developers approach it through syntax parsing, static semantics inference, and dynamic reasoning. Traditional tools are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Ma , Zhihao Lin , Shangqing Liu , Qiang Hu , Ye Liu , Wenhan Wang , Cen Zhang , Liming Nie , Li Li , Yang Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

State-of-the-art natural language processing systems rely on supervision in the form of annotated data to learn competent models. These models are generally trained on data in a single language (usually English), and cannot be directly used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Alexis Conneau , Guillaume Lample , Ruty Rinott , Adina Williams , Samuel R. Bowman , Holger Schwenk , Veselin Stoyanov

Various robustness evaluation methodologies from different perspectives have been proposed for different natural language processing (NLP) tasks. These methods have often focused on either universal or task-specific generalization…

Artificial intelligence and natural language processing (NLP) are increasingly being used in customer service to interact with users and answer their questions. The goal of this systematic review is to examine existing research on the use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Malak Mashaabi , Areej Alotaibi , Hala Qudaih , Raghad Alnashwan , Hend Al-Khalifa

This literature review studies the field of automated process extraction, i.e., transforming textual descriptions into structured processes using Natural Language Processing (NLP). We found that Machine Learning (ML) / Deep Learning (DL)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 William Van Woensel , Soroor Motie

We investigate the use of Natural Language Inference (NLI) in automating requirements engineering tasks. In particular, we focus on three tasks: requirements classification, identification of requirements specification defects, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Mohamad Fazelnia , Viktoria Koscinski , Spencer Herzog , Mehdi Mirakhorli

Recent work in natural language processing (NLP) has yielded appealing results from scaling model parameters and training data; however, using only scale to improve performance means that resource consumption also grows. Such resources…

This paper investigates the application of natural language processing (NLP)-based n-gram analysis and machine learning techniques to enhance malware classification. We explore how NLP can be used to extract and analyze textual features…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bishwajit Prasad Gond , Rajneekant , Pushkar Kishore , Durga Prasad Mohapatra

This paper addresses challenges of Natural Language Processing (NLP) on non-canonical multilingual data in which two or more languages are mixed. It refers to code-switching which has become more popular in our daily life and therefore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-10 Özlem Çetinoğlu , Sarah Schulz , Ngoc Thang Vu

This dissertation presents an evaluation of several language models on software defect datasets. A language Model (LM) "can provide word representation and probability indication of word sequences as the core component of an NLP system."…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Kailun Wang

We present Natural Language Tools (NLT), a framework that replaces programmatic JSON tool calling in large language models (LLMs) with natural language outputs. By decoupling tool selection from response generation, NLT eliminates task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Reid T. Johnson , Michelle D. Pain , Jordan D. West