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Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secret key exchange between two users with unconditional security. For QKD to be widely deployed, low cost and compactness are crucial requirements alongside high performance. Currently, the majority of…

Advances in quantum computing are a rapidly growing threat towards modern cryptography. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides long-term security without assuming the computational power of an adversary. However, inconsistencies between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-18 Henry Semenenko , Philip Sibson , Mark G. Thompson , Chris Erven

We study a practical method to measure the shot noise in real time in Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) systems. The amount of secret key that can be extracted from the raw statistics depends strongly on this quantity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-13 Sébastien Kunz-Jacques , Paul Jouguet

Constrained devices, such as smart sensors, wearable devices, and Internet of Things nodes, are increasingly prevalent in society and rely on secure communications to function properly. These devices often operate autonomously, exchanging…

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) provides the highest level of cryptographic security by certifying secrecy through observed Bell inequality violations, independent of the internal device physics. However, the transition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Noureldin Mohamed , Saif Al-Kuwari

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a promising approach to secure communications, with continuous-variable QKD (CV-QKD) offering compatibility with existing telecommunication infrastructure. Despite this advantage, CV-QKD is limited by…

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) is severely threatened by discrepancies between realistic devices and theoretical assumptions. Recently, a significant framework called the reference technique was proposed to provide security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-21 Jie Gu , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yao Fu , Zong-Wu He , Ze-Jie Yin , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

The new variant of measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), called asynchronous MDI-QKD or mode-pairing MDI-QKD, offers similar repeater-like rate-loss scaling but has the advantage of simple technology…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-25 Yuan-Mei Xie , Jun-Lin Bai , Yu-Shuo Lu , Chen-Xun Weng , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

In this paper, we consider continuous-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols which use non-Gaussian modulations. These specific modulation schemes are compatible with very efficient error correction procedures, hence allowing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Anthony Leverrier , Philippe Grangier

Typically practical realizations of discrete-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, based on exchanging single-photon signals between the trusted parties, can provide its users with only very low key generation rates. One of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-01 Indranil Maiti , Mikołaj Lasota

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security based on the laws of physics. Owing to the imperfections of real-life implementations, however, there is a big gap between the theory and practice of QKD,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-09 Feihu Xu , Marcos Curty , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo

In this paper, we present a fully fiber-based one-way Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system implementing the Gaussian-Modulated Coherent States (GMCS) protocol. The system employs a double Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) configuration in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Bing Qi , Lei-Lei Huang , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) enables information-theoretically secure key exchange between remote parties without any assumptions on the internal workings of the devices used for its implementation. However, its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Makoto Ishihara , Anthony Brendan , Wojciech Roga , Ulrik L. Andersen , Masahiro Takeoka

The noise in optical source needs to be characterized for the security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD). Two feasible schemes, based on either active optical switch or passive beamsplitter are proposed to monitor the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jian Yang , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Recently some alternatives of the measurement device independent quantum key distribution(MDI-QKD) based on the single-photon Bell state measurement (SBSM) have been proposed. Although these alternatives are not precisely as secure as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-06 Wen-Ye Liang , Mo Li , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Wei Chen , Shuang Wang , Xue-Bi An , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

We experimentally realize a measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) system based on cost-effective and commercially available hardware such as distributed feedback (DFB) lasers and field-programmable gate arrays…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has convincingly been proven compatible with real life applications. Its wide-scale deployment in optical networks will benefit from an optical platform that allows miniature devices capable of encoding the…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate detector side channels and prevent all attacks on detectors. The future of MDI-QKD is a quantum network that provides service to many users over untrusted relay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Wenyuan Wang , Feihu Xu , Hoi-Kwong Lo

A prominent application of quantum cryptography is the distribution of cryptographic keys that are provably secure. Recently, such security proofs were extended by Vazirani and Vidick (Physical Review Letters, 113, 140501, 2014) to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-20 Rahul Jain , Carl A. Miller , Yaoyun Shi

Reference-Frame-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (RFI-QKD) provides a practical way to generate secret keys between two remote parties without sharing common reference frames. On the other hand, Measurement-Device-Independent QKD…