Related papers: Model-based Verification and Validation of an Auto…
We apply Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs) and the CPN Tools to develop a formal model of an embedded system consisting of a power converter and an associated controller. Matlab/Simulink is the de-facto tool for embedded control and system design,…
This article describes a fully automated, credible autocoding chain for control systems. The framework generates code, along with guarantees of high level functional properties which can be independently verified. It relies on domain…
We present SENTINEL, a framework for formally evaluating the physical safety of foundation model (FM)-based embodied agents. SENTINEL is the first to provide multi-level safety evaluation across semantic interpretation, plan generation, and…
The spread of autonomous systems into safety-critical areas has increased the demand for their formal verification, not only due to stronger certification requirements but also to public uncertainty over these new technologies. However, the…
The rapid advancement of machine learning (ML) has led to its increasing integration into cyber-physical systems (CPS) across diverse domains. While CPS offer powerful capabilities, incorporating ML components introduces significant safety…
This paper addresses the validation of electric vehicle supply equipment by means of a real-time capable co-simulation approach. This setup implies both pure software and real-time simulation tasks with different sampling rates dependent on…
The homologation of automated vehicles, being safety-critical complex systems, requires sound evidence for their safe operability. Traditionally, verification and validation activities are guided by a combination of ISO 26262 and ISO/PAS…
The rapid evolution of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) across various domains like mobility systems, networked control systems, sustainable manufacturing, smart power grids, and the Internet of Things necessitates innovative solutions that…
Formal methods and testing are two important approaches that assist in the development of high quality software. For long time these approaches have been seen as competitors and there was very little interaction between the two communities.…
As Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) progress towards commercial deployment, there is an increasing focus on ensuring their safety and reliability. While considerable research has been conducted on testing methods for detecting faults in…
Signal Temporal Logic (STL) has become a popular tool for expressing formal requirements of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The problem of verifying STL properties of neural network-controlled CPS remains a largely unexplored problem. In this…
Car-following models (CFMs) are fundamental to traffic flow analysis and autonomous driving. Although calibrated physics-based and trained data-driven CFMs can replicate human driving behavior, their reliance on specific datasets limits…
System design automation aims to manage the design of embedded systems with ever-increasing complexity. To the success of system design automation, there is still a lack of systematic and formal design process because an entire design…
Techniques for runtime verification often utilise specification languages that are (i) reasonably expressive, and (ii) relatively abstract (i.e. they operate on a level of abstraction that separates them from the system being monitored).…
Formal Property Verification (FPV), using SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA), is crucial for ensuring the completeness of design with respect to the specification. However, writing SVA is a laborious task and has a steep learning curve. In this…
The well-known Unified Modeling Language (UML) describes software entities, such as interfaces, classes, operations and attributes, as well as relationships among them, e.g. inheritance, containment and dependency. The power of UML lies in…
With the rapid development of software and distributed computing, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are widely adopted in many application areas, e.g., smart grid, autonomous automobile. It is difficult to detect defects in CPS models due to the…
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for decision making in embodied agents, yet existing safety evaluations often rely on coarse success rates and domain-specific setups, making it difficult to diagnose why and where these…
Automated Driving System (ADS) is a safety-critical software system responsible for the interpretation of the vehicle's environment and making decisions accordingly. The unbounded complexity of the driving context, including unforeseeable…
As the modern vehicle becomes more software-defined, it is beginning to take significant effort to avoid serious regression in software design. This is because automotive software architects rely largely upon manual review of code to spot…