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The review presents analysis and physical interpretation of available statistical data about solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) properties as measured in-situ at 1 A.U. by numerous space experiments during time period…

Space Physics · Physics 2013-01-15 A. V. Dmitriev , A. V. Suvorova , I. S. Veselovsky

The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray radiation emitted during solar flares has been shown to significantly increase the electron density of the Earth's ionosphere. During flares, quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs) in X-ray flux originating…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-11 Aisling N. O'Hare , Susanna Bekker , Laura A. Hayes , Ryan O. Milligan

In this study, we investigate the global ionospheric impact of high-speed solar wind streams/corotating interaction regions (HSS/CIR). A series of ten such events are identified between December 1st 2007 and April 29th 2008, characterized…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-05-18 Catalin Negrea , Costel Munteanu , Marius Mihai Echim

Abundances of elements comprising solar energetic particles (SEPs) come with two very different patterns. Historically called "impulsive" and "gradual" events, they have been studied for 40 years, 20 years by the Wind spacecraft. Gradual…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-06 Donald V. Reames

We have derived background corrected intensities of 3-50 MeV galactic electrons observed by Voyager 1 as it passes through the heliosheath from 95 to 122 AU. The overall intensity change of the background corrected data from the inner to…

Space Physics · Physics 2017-08-09 W. R. Webber , N. Lal , B. Heikkila

One of the main results of the ATIC (Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter) experiment is a collection of energy spectra of abundant cosmic-ray nuclei: protons, He, C, O, Ne, Mg, Si, Fe measured in terms of energy per particle in the energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-01 A. D. Panov , N. V. Sokolskaya , V. I. Zatsepin

Results from a database analysis of H-mode electron density profiles on the Tokamak \`a Configuration Variable (TCV) in stationary conditions show that the logarithmic electron density gradient increases with collisionality. By contrast,…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2012-07-10 Dávid Wágner , Emiliano Fable , Andreas Pitzschke , Olivier Sauter , Henri Weisen

The Rosetta spacecraft detected transient and sporadic diamagnetic regions around comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. In this paper we present a statistical analysis of bulk and suprathermal electron dynamics, as well as a case study of…

Thermal (<1 eV) electron density measurements, derived from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution's (MAVEN) Langmuir Probe and Waves (LPW) instrument, are analyzed to produce the first statistical study of the thermal electron…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-19 Murti Nauth , Christopher M. Fowler , Laila Andersson , Gina A. DiBraccio , Shaosui Xu , Tristan Weber , David Mitchell

Helioseismology has shown that the chemical composition of the Sun has changed over its lifetime. The surface abundance of helium and heavy elements is believed to have decreased by up to 10% relative to their initial values. However, this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 S. Turcotte , R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber

Solar eruptive events such as flares and coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shocks can release solar energetic particles (SEPs) into the heliosphere. The heliospheric current sheet (HCS) is a large-scale structure that separates regions of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-22 C. Han , R. F. Wimmer-Schweingruber , P. Kühl , L. Berger , Z. Ding , A. Kollhoff , Q. Shi , Z. Xu , M. Qin , M. Wang

Utilizing observations from the ELFIN satellites, we present a statistical study of $\sim$2000 events in 2019-2020 characterizing the occurrence in magnetic local time (MLT) and latitude of $\geq$50 keV electron isotropy boundaries (IBs) at…

Solar wind charge-state measurements contain a wealth of knowledge related to the properties of the solar corona from where they originated. However, their interpretation has remained challenging because it convolves coronal temperature,…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Pete Riley , Roberto Lionello , Yeimy J. Rivera

Emission from high-dipole moment molecules such as HCN allows determination of the density in molecular clouds, and is often considered to trace the "dense" gas available for star formation. We assess the importance of electron excitation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-28 Paul F. Goldsmith , Jens Kauffmann

The availability of Martian atmospheric data provided by several Martian missions broadened the opportunity to investigate and study the conditions of the Martian ionosphere. As such, ionospheric models play a crucial part in improving our…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-12-29 Abdollah Masoud Darya , Noora Alameri , Muhammad Mubasshir Shaikh , Ilias Fernini

Existing molecular machine learning force fields (MLFFs) generally focus on the learning of atoms, molecules, and simple quantum chemical properties (such as energy and force), but ignore the importance of electron density (ED) $\rho(r)$ in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Hongxin Xiang , Ke Li , Mingquan Liu , Zhixiang Cheng , Bin Yao , Wenjie Du , Jun Xia , Li Zeng , Xin Jin , Xiangxiang Zeng

This work aims to characterize precisely and systematically the non-thermal characteristics of the electron Velocity Distribution Function (eVDF) in the solar wind at 1 au using data from the Wind spacecraft. We present a comprehensive…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-07-26 Chadi S. Salem , Marc Pulupa , Stuart D. Bale , Daniel Verscharen

In this report we analyze the feasibility of ionospheric monitoring using GNSS technology. The focus will be on the use of LEO GNSS data, exploiting GNSS Reflections, Navigation and Occultation TEC measurements. In order to attack this…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Josep Marco , Giulio Ruffini , Leonardo Ruffini

Thermal instability in an electron-ion magnetized plasma, which is relevant in the intragalactic medium (IGM) of galaxy clusters, solar corona, and other two-component plasma objects is investigated. We apply the multicomponent plasma…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 Anatoly K. Nekrasov