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Extensive research has been conducted, over recent years, on various ways of enhancing heuristic search for combinatorial optimization problems with machine learning algorithms. In this study, we investigate the use of predictions from…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Ítalo Santana , Andrea Lodi , Thibaut Vidal

The container relocation problem is a challenging combinatorial optimisation problem tasked with finding a sequence of container relocations required to retrieve all containers by a given order. Due to the complexity of this problem,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Mrko Đurasević , Mateja Đumić

This paper studies a variant of the Set Covering Routing Problem (SCRP) motivated by post-disaster humanitarian logistics. We consider a hybrid distribution concept in which the majority of transportation is performed by helicopters, while…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Andreas Hagn , Jan Krause , Moritz Stargalla , Lorenza Moreno

The capacitated arc routing problem (CARP) is a challenging combinatorial optimisation problem abstracted from many real-world applications, such as waste collection, road gritting and mail delivery. However, few studies considered dynamic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Hao Tong , Leandro L. Minku , Stefan Menzel , Bernhard Sendhoff , Xin Yao

In this paper, we present Approximation Schemes for Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) on several classes of graphs. In CVRP, introduced by Dantzig and Ramser (1959), we are given a graph $G=(V,E)$ with metric edges costs, a depot…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Aditya Jayaprakash , Mohammad R. Salavatipour

Heuristic search is a powerful approach that has successfully been applied to a broad class of planning problems, including classical planning, multi-objective planning, and probabilistic planning modelled as a stochastic shortest path…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Dillon Chen , Felipe Trevizan , Sylvie Thiébaux

In the classic Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) a fleet of of vehicles has to visit a set of customers while minimising the operations' costs. We study a rich variant of the VRP featuring split deliveries, an heterogeneous fleet, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-12-07 Arthur Mahéo , Tommaso Urli , Philip Kilby

The identification of valid inequalities, such as the rounded capacity inequalities (RCIs), is a key component of cutting plane methods for the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). While a deep learning-based separation method can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Yoonju Sim , Hyeonah Kim , Changhyun Kwon

We investigate the problem of coordinating multiple automated vehicles (AVs) in confined areas. This problem can be formulated as an optimal control problem (OCP) where the motion of the AVs is optimized such that collisions are avoided in…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-28 Stefan Kojchev , Robert Hult , Jonas Fredriksson

We study the demand-robust fleet size vehicle routing problem with time windows and compatibility constraints. Unlike traditional robust optimization, which considers uncertainty in the data, demand-robust optimization considers uncertainty…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Jordan Makansi

This paper develops an inherently parallelised, fast, approximate learning-based solution to the generic class of Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems with Time Windows and Dynamic Routing (CVRP-TWDR). Considering vehicles in a fleet as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Nazneen N Sultana , Vinita Baniwal , Ansuma Basumatary , Piyush Mittal , Supratim Ghosh , Harshad Khadilkar

Vehicle Routing Problem is a well-known problem in logistics and transportation, and the variety of such problems is explained by the fact that it occurs in many real-life situations. It is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-09-30 Ivan S. Grechikhin

The Vehicle Routing Problem is about optimizing the routes of vehicles to meet the needs of customers at specific locations. The route graph consists of depots on several levels and customer positions. Several optimization methods have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-18 László Kovács , Ali Jlidi

The capacitated location-routing problems (CLRPs) are classical problems in combinatorial optimization, which require simultaneously making location and routing decisions. In CLRPs, the complex constraints and the intricate relationships…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Changhao Miao , Yuntian Zhang , Tongyu Wu , Fang Deng , Chen Chen

This study addresses a gap in the utilization of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques in solving the Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problem (SVRP) that involves the challenging task of optimizing vehicle routes under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Zangir Iklassov , Ikboljon Sobirov , Ruben Solozabal , Martin Takac

In this paper, we evaluate the use of Reinforcement Learning (RL) to solve a classic combinatorial optimization problem: the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). We formalize this problem in the RL framework and compare two of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Leo Ardon

A key challenge in solving a combinatorial optimization problem is how to guide the agent (i.e., solver) to efficiently explore the enormous search space. Conventional approaches often rely on enumeration (e.g., exhaustive, random, or tabu…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Xingwen Zhang , Shuang Yang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into evolutionary frameworks has established a new paradigm for automated heuristic discovery. Despite their promise, these methods typically search in the discrete space of program syntax,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Cheikh Ahmed , Mahdi Mostajabdaveh , Zirui Zhou

A rich vehicle routing problem is considered, allowing multiple trips of heterogeneous vehicles stationed at geographically distributed vehicle depots having access to different modes of transportation. The problem arises from the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Santanu Banerjee , Goutam Sen , Siddhartha Mukhopadhyay

The Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) extends the capacitated vehicle routing problem by incorporating battery constraints and charging stations, posing significant optimization challenges. This paper introduces a Trilevel Memetic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ivan Milinović , Leon Stjepan Uroić , Marko Đurasević