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Hash coding has been widely used in approximate nearest neighbor search for large-scale image retrieval. Given semantic annotations such as class labels and pairwise similarities of the training data, hashing methods can learn and generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Qin Zou , Zheng Zhang , Ling Cao , Long Chen , Song Wang

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is concerned with learning from sets (bags) of objects (instances), where the individual instance labels are ambiguous. In this setting, supervised learning cannot be applied directly. Often, specialized MIL…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-12-04 Veronika Cheplygina , David M. J. Tax , Marco Loog

Multi-label zero-shot learning strives to classify images into multiple unseen categories for which no data is available during training. The test samples can additionally contain seen categories in the generalized variant. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Akshita Gupta , Sanath Narayan , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Ling Shao , Joost van de Weijer

Multiple Instance Learning is the predominant method for Whole Slide Image classification in digital pathology, enabling the use of slide-level labels to supervise model training. Although MIL eliminates the tedious fine-grained annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Chen Shu , Boyu Fu , Yiman Li , Ting Yin , Wenchuan Zhang , Jie Chen , Yuhao Yi , Hong Bu

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a weak supervision learning paradigm that allows modeling of machine learning problems in which labels are available only for groups of examples called bags. A positive bag may contain one or more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Amina Asif , Fayyaz ul Amir Afsar Minhas

While deep learning, including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Vision Transformers (ViTs), has significantly advanced classification performance, its typical reliance on extensive annotated datasets presents a major obstacle in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Matheus Vinícius Todescato , Joel Luís Carbonera

We describe a novel weakly supervised deep learning framework that combines both the discriminative and generative models to learn meaningful representation in the multiple instance learning (MIL) setting. MIL is a weakly supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Shabnam Ghaffarzadegan

Machine Learning (ML) techniques for image classification routinely require many labelled images for training the model and while testing, we ought to use images belonging to the same domain as those used for training. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Preeti Jagdish Sajjan , Frank G. Glavin

Multi-instance learning (MIL) deals with objects represented as bags of instances and can predict instance labels from bag-level supervision. However, significant performance gaps exist between instance-level MIL algorithms and supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Weijia Zhang , Xuanhui Zhang , Han-Wen Deng , Min-Ling Zhang

We present a deep generative model for learning to predict classes not seen at training time. Unlike most existing methods for this problem, that represent each class as a point (via a semantic embedding), we represent each seen/unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Wenlin Wang , Yunchen Pu , Vinay Kumar Verma , Kai Fan , Yizhe Zhang , Changyou Chen , Piyush Rai , Lawrence Carin

In multiple instance multiple label learning, each sample, a bag, consists of multiple instances. To alleviate labeling complexity, each sample is associated with a set of bag-level labels leaving instances within the bag unlabeled. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Tam Nguyen , Raviv Raich

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a sub-domain of classification problems with positive and negative labels and a "bag" of inputs, where the label is positive if and only if a positive element is contained within the bag, and otherwise is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-30 Edward Raff , James Holt

Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP have demonstrated impressive zero-shot ability in image classification tasks by aligning text and images but suffer inferior performance compared with task-specific expert models. On the contrary,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jia Zhang , Zhi Zhou , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

We study a multiclass multiple instance learning (MIL) problem where the labels only suggest whether any instance of a class exists or does not exist in a training sample or example. No further information, e.g., the number of instances of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-15 Xi-Lin Li

Vision language models (VLM) pre-trained on datasets of histopathological image-caption pairs enabled zero-shot slide-level classification. The ability of VLM image encoders to extract discriminative features also opens the door for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Pablo Meseguer , Rocío del Amor , Valery Naranjo

Multiple instance learning (MIL) problem is currently solved from either bag-classification or instance-classification perspective, both of which ignore important information contained in some instances and result in limited performance.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Yingfan Ma , Xiaoyuan Luo , Mingzhi Yuan , Xinrong Chen , Manning Wang

This work introduces a model that can recognize objects in images even if no training data is available for the objects. The only necessary knowledge about the unseen categories comes from unsupervised large text corpora. In our zero-shot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-03-21 Richard Socher , Milind Ganjoo , Hamsa Sridhar , Osbert Bastani , Christopher D. Manning , Andrew Y. Ng

Audio-based music classification and tagging is typically based on categorical supervised learning with a fixed set of labels. This intrinsically cannot handle unseen labels such as newly added music genres or semantic words that users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Jeong Choi , Jongpil Lee , Jiyoung Park , Juhan Nam

State-of-the-art computer vision models are mostly trained with supervised learning using human-labeled images, which limits their scalability due to the expensive annotation cost. While self-supervised representation learning has achieved…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Junnan Li , Silvio Savarese , Steven C. H. Hoi

Zero-shot learning deals with the ability to recognize objects without any visual training sample. To counterbalance this lack of visual data, each class to recognize is associated with a semantic prototype that reflects the essential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Yannick Le Cacheux , Hervé Le Borgne , Michel Crucianu