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Evaluating large language models increasingly relies on LLM-as-a-judge protocols, but such evaluations remain costly: different judges have different prices and reliabilities, and the difficulty of each prompt-response pair can vary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Junghyun Lee , Sanghwa Kim , Yassir Jedra , Alexandre Proutière , Se-Young Yun

Video streaming today accounts for up to 55\% of mobile traffic. In this paper, we explore streaming videos encoded using Scalable Video Coding scheme (SVC) over highly variable bandwidth conditions such as cellular networks. SVC's unique…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Anis Elgabli , Vaneet Aggarwal , Shuai Hao , Feng Qian , Subhabrata Sen

Current Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) typically encode frames via a vision encoder and employ an autoregressive (AR) LLM for understanding and generation. However, this AR paradigm inevitably faces a dual efficiency bottleneck:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhihao He , Tieyuan Chen , Kangyu Wang , Ziran Qin , Yang Shao , Chaofan Gan , Shijie Li , Zuxuan Wu , Weiyao Lin

Hierarchical VAEs have emerged in recent years as a reliable option for maximum likelihood estimation. However, instability issues and demanding computational requirements have hindered research progress in the area. We present simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Louay Hazami , Rayhane Mama , Ragavan Thurairatnam

Extremely large aperture array (ELAA) can significantly enhance beamforming gain and spectral efficiency. Unfortunately, the use of narrower beams for data transmission results in a substantial increase in the cost of beam training. In this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-30 Yuan Si , Hongkang Yu , Yijian Chen

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in multi-modal reasoning, but their inference time efficiency remains a significant challenge due to the memory overhead during decoding, especially when the query and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Fatih Ilhan , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Selim Furkan Tekin , Tiansheng Huang , Zachary Yahn , Yichang Xu , Ling Liu

Recent advances in Latent Video Diffusion Models (LVDMs) have revolutionized video generation by leveraging Video Variational Autoencoders (Video VAEs) to compress intricate video data into a compact latent space. However, as LVDM training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Yu Cheng , Fajie Yuan

Vision-to-code tasks require models to reconstruct structured visual inputs, such as charts, tables, and SVGs, into executable or structured representations with high visual fidelity. While recent Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ziyu Liu , Shengyuan Ding , Xinyu Fang , Xuanlang Dai , Penghui Yang , Jianze Liang , Jiaqi Wang , Kai Chen , Dahua Lin , Yuhang Zang

Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition (DFER) plays a critical role in affective computing and human-computer interaction. Although existing methods achieve comparable performance, they inevitably suffer from performance degradation under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Feng-Qi Cui , Anyang Tong , Jinyang Huang , Jie Zhang , Dan Guo , Zhi Liu , Meng Wang

Handwritten Paragraph Text Recognition (HPTR) is a challenging task in Computer Vision, requiring the transformation of a paragraph text image, rich in handwritten text, into text encoding sequences. One of the most advanced models for this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jinhui Zheng , Zhiquan Liu , Yain-Whar Si , Jianqing Li , Xinyuan Zhang , Xiaofan Li , Haozhi Huang , Xueyuan Gong

Local rate control is a key enabler to generalize image and video compression for dedicated challenges, such as video coding for machines. While traditional hybrid video coding can easily adapt the local rate-distortion trade-off by…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Marc Windsheimer , Simon Deniffel , André Kaup

Low-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) have emerged as a promising technology for reducing power consumption and complexity in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems while maintaining satisfactory spectral and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-06 Mengyuan Ma , Nhan Thanh Nguyen , Italo Atzeni , Markku Juntti

Compared with conventional image and video, light field images introduce the weight channel, as well as the visual consistency of rendered view, information that has to be taken into account when compressing the pseudo-temporal-sequence…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Bichuan Guo , Yuxing Han , Jiangtao Wen

In this paper, we propose low-complexity robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) techniques that based on shrinkage methods. The only prior knowledge required by the proposed algorithms are the angular sector in which the actual steering vector…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-27 H. Ruan , R. C. de Lamare

Vision transformers (ViTs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various visual tasks. However, ViT models suffer from substantial computational and memory requirements, making it challenging to deploy them on resource-constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Navin Ranjan , Andreas Savakis

Bandwidth-constrained robotic and surveillance systems often rely on a single compressed video stream to support both continuous scene awareness and downstream machine perception. In practice, this creates a mismatch: low-bitrate video can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Natalia Trukhina , Vadim Vashkelis

We propose an end-to-end learned video compression scheme for low-latency scenarios. Previous methods are limited in using the previous one frame as reference. Our method introduces the usage of the previous multiple frames as references.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-02 Jianping Lin , Dong Liu , Houqiang Li , Feng Wu

Deep generative models, and particularly facial animation schemes, can be used in video conferencing applications to efficiently compress a video through a sparse set of keypoints, without the need to transmit dense motion vectors. While…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Goluck Konuko , Stéphane Lathuilière , Giuseppe Valenzise

Most Video-Large Language Models (Video-LLMs) adopt an encoder-decoder framework, where a vision encoder extracts frame-wise features for processing by a language model. However, this approach incurs high computational costs, introduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Handong Li , Yiyuan Zhang , Longteng Guo , Xiangyu Yue , Jing Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce hallucinations in retrieval-augmented or long-context generation, even when relevant evidence is present. This stems from two issues: head importance is treated as input-agnostic, and raw attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xin Tong , Zhi Lin , Jingya Wang , Bo Jin