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We present models for encoding sentences into embedding vectors that specifically target transfer learning to other NLP tasks. The models are efficient and result in accurate performance on diverse transfer tasks. Two variants of the…

Reliable evaluation is essential for developing and deploying large language models, yet in practice it often requires substantial manual effort: practitioners must identify appropriate benchmarks, reproduce heterogeneous evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Chengyu Shen , Yanheng Hou , Minghui Pan , Runming He , Zhen Hao Wong , Meiyi Qiang , Zhou Liu , Hao Liang , Peichao Lai , Zeang Sheng , Wentao Zhang

Capturing the meaning of sentences has long been a challenging task. Current models tend to apply linear combinations of word features to conduct semantic composition for bigger-granularity units e.g. phrases, sentences, and documents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-27 Benyou Wang , Qiuchi Li , Massimo Melucci , Dawei Song

This paper describes the winning contribution to SemEval-2020 Task 1: Unsupervised Lexical Semantic Change Detection (Subtask 2) handed in by team UG Student Intern. We present an ensemble model that makes predictions based on context-free…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Martin Pömsl , Roman Lyapin

We introduce two pre-trained retrieval focused multilingual sentence encoding models, respectively based on the Transformer and CNN model architectures. The models embed text from 16 languages into a single semantic space using a multi-task…

When assigning quantitative labels to a dataset, different methodologies may rely on different scales. In particular, when assigning polarities to words in a sentiment lexicon, annotators may use binary, categorical, or continuous labels.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Alexander Hoyle , Lawrence Wolf-Sonkin , Hanna Wallach , Ryan Cotterell , Isabelle Augenstein

This paper introduces Evalverse, a novel library that streamlines the evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) by unifying disparate evaluation tools into a single, user-friendly framework. Evalverse enables individuals with limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jihoo Kim , Wonho Song , Dahyun Kim , Yunsu Kim , Yungi Kim , Chanjun Park

Lexical Substitution is the task of replacing a single word in a sentence with a similar one. This should ideally be one that is not necessarily only synonymous, but also fits well into the surrounding context of the target word, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Juraj Vladika , Stephen Meisenbacher , Florian Matthes

This paper describes the design and functionality of ConvoKit, an open-source toolkit for analyzing conversations and the social interactions embedded within. ConvoKit provides an unified framework for representing and manipulating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Jonathan P. Chang , Caleb Chiam , Liye Fu , Andrew Z. Wang , Justine Zhang , Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil

The RepEval 2017 Shared Task aims to evaluate natural language understanding models for sentence representation, in which a sentence is represented as a fixed-length vector with neural networks and the quality of the representation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-07 Qian Chen , Xiaodan Zhu , Zhen-Hua Ling , Si Wei , Hui Jiang , Diana Inkpen

The task of image captioning has recently been gaining popularity, and with it the complex task of evaluating the quality of image captioning models. In this work, we present the first survey and taxonomy of over 70 different image…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Uri Berger , Gabriel Stanovsky , Omri Abend , Lea Frermann

AutoIntent is an automated machine learning tool for text classification tasks. Unlike existing solutions, AutoIntent offers end-to-end automation with embedding model selection, classifier optimization, and decision threshold tuning, all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ilya Alekseev , Roman Solomatin , Darina Rustamova , Denis Kuznetsov

Evaluating factual accuracy in Large Language Model (LLM)-generated clinical text is a critical barrier to adoption, as expert review is unscalable for the continuous quality assurance these systems require. We address this challenge with…

Distributed representations of words, better known as word embeddings, have become important building blocks for natural language processing tasks. Numerous studies are devoted to transferring the success of unsupervised word embeddings to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Tianlin Liu , João Sedoc , Lyle Ungar

We propose new static word embeddings optimised for sentence semantic representation. We first extract word embeddings from a pre-trained Sentence Transformer, and improve them with sentence-level principal component analysis, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Takashi Wada , Yuki Hirakawa , Ryotaro Shimizu , Takahiro Kawashima , Yuki Saito

Simultaneous speech-to-text translation systems must balance translation quality with latency. Although quality evaluation is well established, latency measurement remains a challenge. Existing metrics produce inconsistent results,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Peter Polák , Sara Papi , Luisa Bentivogli , Ondřej Bojar

Unsupervised sentence representation learning has progressed through contrastive learning and data augmentation methods such as dropout masking. Despite this progress, sentence encoders are still limited to using only an input sentence when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yeon Seonwoo , Guoyin Wang , Changmin Seo , Sajal Choudhary , Jiwei Li , Xiang Li , Puyang Xu , Sunghyun Park , Alice Oh

Sentence ordering is the task of arranging the sentences of a given text in the correct order. Recent work using deep neural networks for this task has framed it as a sequence prediction problem. In this paper, we propose a new framing of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Shrimai Prabhumoye , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Alan W Black

In this paper we will present SDeval, a software project that contains tools for creating and running benchmarks with a focus on problems in computer algebra. It is built on top of the Symbolic Data project, able to translate problems in…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2013-10-22 Albert Heinle , Viktor Levandovskyy , Andreas Nareike

Sentence encoders have indeed been shown to achieve superior performances for many downstream text-mining tasks and, thus, claimed to be fairly general. Inspired by this, we performed a detailed study on how to leverage these sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Souvika Sarkar , Dongji Feng , Shubhra Kanti Karmaker Santu