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Letting AI agents interact in multi-agent applications adds a layer of complexity to the interpretability and prediction of AI outcomes, with profound implications for their trustworthy adoption in research and society. Game theory offers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Alessio Buscemi , Daniele Proverbio , Alessandro Di Stefano , The-Anh Han , German Castignani , Pietro Liò

Information field theory (IFT), the information theory for fields, is a mathematical framework for signal reconstruction and non-parametric inverse problems. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) aim at generating…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-08 Torsten Enßlin

Deep reinforcement learning, applied to vision-based problems like Atari games, maps pixels directly to actions; internally, the deep neural network bears the responsibility of both extracting useful information and making decisions based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Giuseppe Cuccu , Julian Togelius , Philippe Cudre-Mauroux

Humans can flexibly generalize knowledge across domains by leveraging structured relational representations. While prior research has shown how such representations support analogical reasoning, less is known about how they are recruited to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guillermo Puebla , Leonidas A. A. Doumas

We introduce gym-city, a Reinforcement Learning environment that uses SimCity 1's game engine to simulate an urban environment, wherein agents might seek to optimize one or a combination of any number of city-wide metrics, on gameboards of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Sam Earle

Distinguishing agents of bone modification at paleoanthropological sites is at the root of much of the research directed at understanding early hominin exploitation of large animal resources and the effects those subsistence behaviors had…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Katrina Yezzi-Woodley , Alexander Terwilliger , Jiafeng Li , Eric Chen , Martha Tappen , Jeff Calder , Peter J. Olver

We present an alternative methodology for the analysis of algorithms, based on the concept of expected discounted reward. This methodology naturally handles algorithms that do not always terminate, so it can (theoretically) be used with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Andrew MacFie

Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are two fields that, at first glance, might seem distinct, but they have notable connections and intersections. The former focuses on the evolution of behaviors (or strategies)…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-03-13 Long Wang , Feng Fu , Xingru Chen

Comprehensible neural network explanations are foundations for a better understanding of decisions, especially when the input data are infused with malicious perturbations. Existing solutions generally mitigate the impact of perturbations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yicong Li , Kuanjiu Zhou , Shuo Yu , Qiang Zhang , Renqiang Luo , Xiaodong Li , Feng Xia

AI agents are increasingly deployed in complex, interactive environments, yet their runtime remains a major bottleneck for training, evaluation, and real-world use. Typical agent behavior unfolds sequentially, with each action requiring an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Naimeng Ye , Arnav Ahuja , Georgios Liargkovas , Yunan Lu , Kostis Kaffes , Tianyi Peng

This paper investigates the Jolting Technologies Hypothesis, which posits superexponential growth (increasing acceleration, or a positive third derivative) in the development of AI capabilities. We develop a theoretical framework and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-10 David Orban

In this paper, we propose a novel factored agent architecture designed to overcome the limitations of traditional single-agent systems in agentic AI. Our approach decomposes the agent into two specialized components: (1) a large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Nicholas Roth , Christopher Hidey , Lucas Spangher , William F. Arnold , Chang Ye , Nick Masiewicki , Jinoo Baek , Peter Grabowski , Eugene Ie

Dynamical systems in nature exhibit selfsimilar fractal fluctuations and the corresponding power spectra follow inverse power law form signifying long-range space-time correlations identified as self-organized criticality. The physics of…

General Physics · Physics 2008-05-23 A. M. Selvam

We introduce a framework for constructing fractal trees via analytic generator fields, replacing discrete affine transformations and symbolic rewriting rules by the integration of smooth vector fields in an internal state space. In this…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Henk Mulder

This book uses the modern theory of artificial intelligence (AI) to understand human suffering or mental pain. Both humans and sophisticated AI agents process information about the world in order to achieve goals and obtain rewards, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Aapo Hyvärinen

We introduce a design strategy for neural network macro-architecture based on self-similarity. Repeated application of a simple expansion rule generates deep networks whose structural layouts are precisely truncated fractals. These networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Gustav Larsson , Michael Maire , Gregory Shakhnarovich

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm in Artificial Intelligence (AI), enabling agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with their environments. Drawing from the foundations of trial and error, RL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Majid Ghasemi , Amir Hossein Moosavi , Dariush Ebrahimi

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) research traditionally focuses on algorithms that optimize for specific goals under deterministic rules. Yet, human-like intelligence exhibits adaptive spontaneity - an ability to make unexpected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Rahul Kabali

Although deep reinforcement learning agents have produced impressive results in many domains, their decision making is difficult to explain to humans. To address this problem, past work has mainly focused on explaining why an action was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Matthew L. Olson , Lawrence Neal , Fuxin Li , Weng-Keen Wong

A fractal can be simply understood as a set or pattern in which there are far more small things than large ones, e.g., far more small geographic features than large ones on the earth surface, or far more large-scale maps than small-scale…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-05-20 Bin Jiang