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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) supports the negotiation and sharing of private keys with unconditional security between authorized parties. Over the years, theoretical advances and experimental demonstrations have successfully transitioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Haoran Zhang , Haotao Zhu , Ruihua He , Yan Zhang , Chao Ding , Lajos Hanzo , Weibo Gao

The theoretically proven security of quantum key distribution (QKD) could revolutionise how information exchange is protected in the future. Several field tests of QKD have proven it to be a reliable technology for cryptographic key…

Quantum communication offers unique features that have no classical analog, in particular, it enables provably secure quantum key distribution (QKD). Despite the benefits of quantum communication are well understood within the scientific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 D. Sych , A. Kodukhov , V. Pastushenko , N. Kirsanov , D. Kronberg , M. Pflitsch

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most widely studied quantum cryptographic model that exploits quantum effects to achieve information-theoretically secure key establishment. Conventional QKD contains public classical post-processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-07 Zixuan Hu , Zhenyu Li

Despite enormous progress both in theoretical and experimental quantum cryptography, the security of most current implementations of quantum key distribution is still not established rigorously. One of the main problems is that the security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-18 Marco Tomamichel , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Nicolas Gisin , Renato Renner

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cornerstone of the secure quantum encryption. Building on the quantum irreversibility, we develop a technique reborning the existing QKDs into protocols that are unrestricted in distance and have…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is currently being discussed as a technology to safeguard communication in a future where quantum computers compromise traditional public-key cryptosystems. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive security…

In recent years, the gap between theory and practice in quantum key distribution (QKD) has been significantly narrowed, particularly for QKD systems with arbitrarily awed optical receivers. The status for QKD systems with imperfect light…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 Akihiro Mizutani , Marcos Curty , Charles Ci Wen Lim , Nobuyuki Imoto , Kiyoshi Tamaki

A prevalent issue in practical applications of quantum key distribution (QKD) is the emergence of correlations among the emitted signals. Although recent works have proved the security of QKD in the presence of this imperfection, they rest…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in principle offers unconditional security based on the laws of physics. Continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution has the potential for high-key-rate and low-cost implementations using standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Chenyang Li , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Quantum key distribution is widely thought to offer unconditional security in communication between two users. Unfortunately, a widely accepted proof of its security in the presence of source, device and channel noises has been missing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Hoi-Kwong Lo , H. F. Chau

In the evolving landscape of quantum technology, the increasing prominence of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the security of conventional public key infrastructure. Quantum key distribution (QKD), an established quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Kaiwei Qiu , Jing Yan Haw , Hao Qin , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Michael Kasper , Alexander Ling

In theory, quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security based on the laws of physics. Owing to the imperfections of real-life implementations, however, there is a big gap between the theory and practice of QKD,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-09 Feihu Xu , Marcos Curty , Bing Qi , Hoi-Kwong Lo

Device-independent quantum key distribution (DI-QKD) provides the gold standard for secure key exchange. Not only it allows for information-theoretic security based on quantum mechanics, but it relaxes the need to physically model the…

A simple counter-example is given on the prevalent interpretation of the trace distance criterion as failure probability in quantum key distribution protocols. A summary of its ramifications is listed.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-21 Horace Yuen

We establish a security proof of frequency-time coding quantum key distribution (FT-QKD) protocol by showing its connection to the squeezed state quantum key distribution protocol, which has been proven to be unconditionally secure. We also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-18 Bing Qi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) permits information-theoretically secure transmission of digital encryption keys, assuming that the behaviour of the devices employed for the key exchange can be reliably modelled and predicted. Remarkably, no…

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proven for different protocols, in particular for the BB84 protocol. It has been shown that this scheme is robust against eventual imperfections in the state preparation, and sending…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 Davide Rusca , Alberto Boaron , Marcos Curty , Anthony Martin , Hugo Zbinden

The goal of quantum key distribution (QKD) is to establish a secure key between two parties connected by an insecure quantum channel. To use a QKD protocol in practice, one has to prove that a finite size key is secure against general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-21 Tony Metger , Renato Renner

The claim of quantum cryptography has always been that it can provide protocols that are unconditionally secure, that is, for which the security does not depend on any restriction on the time, space or technology available to the cheaters.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Dominic Mayers
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