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The accreting compact objects in most of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are likely to be neutron stars rather than black holes as suggested by the recent detection of periodic pulsations from some of these sources located in neighboring…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-04 Mehmet Hakan Erkut

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are the most extreme members of the X-ray binary population, exhibiting X-ray luminosities that can surpass the 10^39 erg/s threshold (by orders of magnitude). They are mainly seen in external galaxies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-02 Ciro Pinto , Dominic J. Walton

M82 hosts two well-known ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). X-1, an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) candidate, and X-2, an ultraluminous X-ray pulsar (ULXP). Here we present a broadband X-ray spectral analysis of both sources based on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-05 Murray Brightman , Dominic J. Walton , Yanjun Xu , Hannah P. Earnshaw , Fiona , A. Harrison , Daniel Stern , Didier Barret

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are X-ray binary systems containing an accreting neutron star (NS) or black hole emitting at luminosities above the Eddington limit of a $10M_{\odot}$ black hole. Approximately 1900 (either confirmed or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-28 M. Veresvarska , M. Imbrogno , R. Amato , G. L. Israel , S. Scaringi , P. Casella , D. de Martino , F. Fürst , A. Gúrpide Lasheras , C. Knigge , M. J. Middleton

Ultraluminous x-ray sources (ULXs) in nearby galaxies shine brighter than any X-ray source in our Galaxy. ULXs are usually modeled as stellar-mass black holes (BHs) accreting at very high rates or intermediate-mass BHs. We present…

Ultraluminous pulsars are a definite proof that persistent super-Eddington accretion occurs in nature. They support the scenario according to which most Ultraluminous X-ray Sources (ULXs) are super-Eddington accretors of stellar mass rather…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-04 P. Kosec , C. Pinto , D. J. Walton , A. C. Fabian , M. Bachetti , M. Brightman , F. Fürst , B. W. Grefenstette

Constraining the astrophysical nature of Ultra-Luminous X-ray (ULX) sources, which have X-ray luminosities exceeding 10^39 erg/s, has been elusive due to the optical faintness of any counterparts. With high spectral resolution observations…

We study the temporal and spectral characteristics of SMC X-3 during its 2016 outburst. To probe accretion onto highly magnetized neutron stars (NSs), at the Eddington limit. We obtained XMM-Newton observations of SMC X-3 and combined them…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-13 Filippos Koliopanos , Georgios Vasilopoulos

We report the detection of flaring events in NGC 4395 ULX1, a nearby ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX), for the first time, using recent XMM-NEWTON observations. The flaring episodes are spectrally harder than the steady emission intervals,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-10-26 Tanuman Ghosh , Vikram Rana , Matteo Bachetti

We present the results of high-quality XMM-NEWTON observations of a ULX in the galaxy NGC 4190. The detection of spectral cutoff in NGC 4190 ULX1 spectra rules out the interpretation of the ULX to be in a standard low/hard canonical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-24 Tanuman Ghosh , Vikram Rana

Despite two decades of studies, it is still not clear whether ULX spectral transitions are due to stochastic variability in the wind or variations in the accretion rate or in the source geometry. The compact object is also unknown for most…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-09-02 F. Barra , C. Pinto , D. J. Walton , P. Kosec , A. D'Aì , T. Di Salvo , M. Del Santo , H. Earnshaw , A. C. Fabian , F. Fuerst , A. Marino , F. Pintore , A. Robba , T. P. Roberts

Magnetic field of accreting neutron stars determines their overall behaviour including the maximum possible luminosity. Some models require an above-average magnetic field strength (> 10^13 G) in order to explain super-Eddington mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-06 S. S. Tsygankov , V. Doroshenko , A. A. Lutovinov , A. A. Mushtukov , J. Poutanen

The identification of the Ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) X-2 in M82 as an accreting pulsar has shed new light on the nature of a subset of ULXs, while rising new questions on the nature of the super-Eddington accretion. Here, by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 Simone Dall'Osso , Rosalba Perna , Luigi Stella

It has recently been discovered that a fraction of ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) exhibit X-ray pulsations, and are therefore powered by super-Eddington accretion onto magnetized neutron stars (NSs). For typical ULX mass accretion…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-01-17 Alexander A. Mushtukov , Adam Ingram , Matthew Middleton , Dmitrij I. Nagirner , Michiel van der Klis

We model the spectral formation occurring in the binary X-ray pulsar RX~J0209.6-7427 during the 2019 super-Eddington outburst. Using a theoretical model previously developed by the authors, we are able to produce spectra that closely…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-26 Brent F. West , Peter A. Becker , Georgios Vasilopoulos

We present a multi-mission X-ray analysis of a bright (peak observed 0.3-10 keV luminosity of ~ 6x10^{40} erg s^{-1}), but relatively highly absorbed ULX in the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5907. The ULX is spectrally hard in X-rays (Gamma ~…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-16 Andrew D. Sutton , Timothy P. Roberts , Jeanette C. Gladstone , Sean A. Farrell , Emma Reilly , Michael R. Goad , Neil Gehrels

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) represent the closest and most accessible laboratories to study sustained super-Eddington accretion onto compact objects. Over the past decade, the discoveries of coherent pulsations in a few ULXs has…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-24 R. Amato , M. Bachetti , R. Soria , A. Gúrpide , M. Imbrogno , C. Salvaggio , R. Salvaterra , M. Del Santo , S. Scaringi , P. Casella , A. Wolter

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear point sources in nearby galaxies with luminosities well exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass objects. It has been recognized after the discovery of pulsating ULXs (PULXs) that a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-22 M. Hakan Erkut , K. Yavuz Ekşi

Ultraluminous X-ray sources are non-nuclear point sources exceeding the Eddington luminosity of a 10 Solar mass black hole. Modern consensus for a majority of the ULX population is that they are powered by stellar-mass black holes or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-12-20 P. Kosec , C. Pinto , A. C. Fabian , D. J. Walton

Two recent observations of the nearby galaxy NGC 6946 with NuSTAR, one simultaneous with an XMM-Newton observation, provide an opportunity to examine its population of bright accreting sources from a broadband perspective. We study the…