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Machine learning (ML) and deep learning models are extensively used for parameter optimization and regression problems. However, not all inverse problems in ML are ``identifiable,'' indicating that model parameters may not be uniquely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Reza Sameni

Understanding identifiability of latent content and style variables from unaligned multi-domain data is essential for tasks such as domain translation and data generation. Existing works on content-style identification were often developed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Sagar Shrestha , Xiao Fu

Marginal models involve restrictions on the conditional and marginal association structure of a set of categorical variables. They generalize log-linear models for contingency tables, which are the fundamental tools for modelling the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-10 Tamas Rudas , Wicher Bergsma

In order to address real-world problems, deep learning models are jointly trained on many classes. However, in the future, some classes may become restricted due to privacy/ethical concerns, and the restricted class knowledge has to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Pravendra Singh , Pratik Mazumder , Mohammed Asad Karim

Identifiability of parameters is an essential property for a statistical model to be useful in most settings. However, establishing parameter identifiability for Bayesian networks with hidden variables remains challenging. In the context of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-06-04 Elizabeth S. Allman , John A. Rhodes , Elena Stanghellini , Marco Valtorta

Design-based frameworks of uncertainty are frequently used in settings where the treatment is (conditionally) randomly assigned. This paper develops a design-based framework suitable for analyzing quasi-experimental settings in the social…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-06-17 Ashesh Rambachan , Jonathan Roth

When data contains measurement errors, it is necessary to make assumptions relating the observed, erroneous data to the unobserved true phenomena of interest. These assumptions should be justifiable on substantive grounds, but are often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-24 Noam Finkelstein , Roy Adams , Suchi Saria , Ilya Shpitser

Causal representation learning (CRL) offers the promise of uncovering the underlying causal model by which observed data was generated, but the practical applicability of existing methods remains limited by the strong assumptions required…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yuhang Liu , Zhen Zhang , Dong Gong , Erdun Gao , Biwei Huang , Mingming Gong , Anton van den Hengel , Kun Zhang , Javen Qinfeng Shi

Conditions are presented for different types of identifiability of discrete variable models generated over an undirected graph in which one node represents a binary hidden variable. These models can be seen as extensions of the latent class…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-12-12 Elena Stanghellini , Barbara Vantaggi

Identifiability of discrete statistical models with latent variables is known to be challenging to study, yet crucial to a model's interpretability and reliability. This work presents a general algebraic technique to investigate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Yuqi Gu

Ordinal categorical data are widely collected in psychology, education, and other social sciences, appearing commonly in questionnaires, assessments, and surveys. Latent class models provide a flexible framework for uncovering unobserved…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-26 Huan Qing

We introduce the identity labeling problem - given an individual in a social situation, can we predict what identity(ies) they will be labeled with by someone else? This problem remains a theoretical gap and methodological challenge,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Kenneth Joseph , Jonathan Howard Morgan

A novel framework is introduced to formalize identifiability in well-specified but ill-posed linear regression models. The framework is distribution-free and accommodates highly correlated features that may or may not relate to the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Gianluca Finocchio , Tatyana Krivobokova

We summarize recent progress on the theory and applications of structural identifiability of compartmental models. On the applications side, we review identifiability analyses undertaken recently for models arising in epidemiology,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-08 Nicolette Meshkat , Anne Shiu

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are a family of discrete latent attribute models that serve as statistical basis in educational and psychological cognitive diagnosis assessments. CDMs aim to achieve fine-grained inference on individuals'…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-08 Zhuoran Shang , Elena A. Erosheva , Gongjun Xu

Ordered item response models that are in common use can be divided into three groups, cumulative, sequential and adjacent categories model. The derivation and motivation of the models is typically based on the assumed presence of latent…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-11 Gerhard Tutz

As foundation models grow in both popularity and capability, researchers have uncovered a variety of ways that the models can pose a risk to the model's owner, user, or others. Despite the efforts of measuring these risks via benchmarks and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 David Piorkowski , Michael Hind , John Richards , Jacquelyn Martino

Latent space models are powerful statistical tools for modeling and understanding network data. While the importance of accounting for uncertainty in network analysis has been well recognized, the current literature predominantly focuses on…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Jinming Li , Shihao Wu , Chengyu Cui , Gongjun Xu , Ji Zhu

Latent factor models are increasingly popular for modeling multi-relational knowledge graphs. By their vectorial nature, it is not only hard to interpret why this class of models works so well, but also to understand where they fail and how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-19 Théo Trouillon , Éric Gaussier , Christopher R. Dance , Guillaume Bouchard

We present an exploratory restricted latent class model where response data is for a single time point, polytomous, and differing across items, and where latent classes reflect a multi-attribute state where each attribute is ordinal. Our…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-10 Eric Alan Wayman , Steven Andrew Culpepper , Jeff Douglas , Jesse Bowers