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We prove a large deviation principle for deep neural networks with Gaussian weights and at most linearly growing activation functions, such as ReLU. This generalises earlier work, in which bounded and continuous activation functions were…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Quirin Vogel

The foundations of deep learning are supported by the seemingly opposing perspectives of approximation or learning theory. The former advocates for large/expressive models that need not generalize, while the latter considers classes that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ruiyang Hong , Anastasis Kratsios

We prove the first guarantees of sparse recovery for ReLU neural networks, where the sparse network weights constitute the signal to be recovered. Specifically, we study structural properties of the sparse network weights for two-layer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sara Fridovich-Keil , Mert Pilanci

Model extraction attacks have renewed interest in the classic problem of learning neural networks from queries. In this work we give the first polynomial-time algorithm for learning arbitrary one hidden layer neural networks activations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Sitan Chen , Adam R Klivans , Raghu Meka

We present a novel neural network algorithm, the Tensor Switching (TS) network, which generalizes the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) nonlinearity to tensor-valued hidden units. The TS network copies its entire input vector to different…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Chuan-Yung Tsai , Andrew Saxe , David Cox

The ability of neural networks to provide `best in class' approximation across a wide range of applications is well-documented. Nevertheless, the powerful expressivity of neural networks comes to naught if one is unable to effectively train…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Mark Ainsworth , Yeonjong Shin

In this paper, a novel multi-head multi-layer perceptron (MLP) structure is presented for implicit neural representation (INR). Since conventional rectified linear unit (ReLU) networks are shown to exhibit spectral bias towards learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Arya Aftab , Alireza Morsali

Activation functions shape the outputs of artificial neurons and, therefore, are integral parts of neural networks in general and deep learning in particular. Some activation functions, such as logistic and relu, have been used for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Johannes Lederer

A pivotal aspect in the design of neural networks lies in selecting activation functions, crucial for introducing nonlinear structures that capture intricate input-output patterns. While the effectiveness of adaptive or trainable activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Farhad Pourkamali-Anaraki , Tahamina Nasrin , Robert E. Jensen , Amy M. Peterson , Christopher J. Hansen

In this paper, we consider parameter recovery for non-overlapping convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with multiple kernels. We show that when the inputs follow Gaussian distribution and the sample size is sufficiently large, the squared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-10 Kai Zhong , Zhao Song , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Each year, deep learning demonstrates new and improved empirical results with deeper and wider neural networks. Meanwhile, with existing theoretical frameworks, it is difficult to analyze networks deeper than two layers without resorting to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hong Jun Jeon , Yifan Zhu , Benjamin Van Roy

In the field of multi-class anomaly detection, reconstruction-based methods derived from single-class anomaly detection face the well-known challenge of "learning shortcuts", wherein the model fails to learn the patterns of normal samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Liren He , Zhengkai Jiang , Jinlong Peng , Liang Liu , Qiangang Du , Xiaobin Hu , Wenbing Zhu , Mingmin Chi , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

The input space of a neural network with ReLU-like activations is partitioned into multiple linear regions, each corresponding to a specific activation pattern of the included ReLU-like activations. We demonstrate that this partition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Fengxiang He , Shiye Lei , Jianmin Ji , Dacheng Tao

We present a simple linear regression based approach for learning the weights and biases of a neural network, as an alternative to standard gradient based backpropagation. The present work is exploratory in nature, and we restrict the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Harshad Khadilkar

In this paper, we introduce a novel concept for learning of the parameters in a neural network. Our idea is grounded on modeling a learning problem that addresses a trade-off between (i) satisfying local objectives at each node and (ii)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Dimche Kostadinov , Behrooz Razdehi , Slava Voloshynovskiy

We introduce a class of algebraic varieties naturally associated with ReLU neural networks, arising from the piecewise linear structure of their outputs across activation regions in input space, and the piecewise multilinear structure in…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Yulia Alexandr , Guido Montúfar

In this paper, we introduce a novel type of Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), called a Dual Rectified Linear Unit (DReLU). A DReLU, which comes with an unbounded positive and negative image, can be used as a drop-in replacement for a tanh…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Fréderic Godin , Jonas Degrave , Joni Dambre , Wesley De Neve

The Rectified Power Unit (RePU) activation function, a differentiable generalization of the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU), has shown promise in constructing neural networks due to its smoothness properties. However, deep RePU networks often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Taeyoung Kim , Myungjoo Kang

We show through theory and experiment that gradient-based explanations of a model quickly reveal the model itself. Our results speak to a tension between the desire to keep a proprietary model secret and the ability to offer model…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-07-16 Smitha Milli , Ludwig Schmidt , Anca D. Dragan , Moritz Hardt

We start out by demonstrating that an elementary learning task, corresponding to the training of a single linear neuron in a convolutional neural network, can be solved for feature spaces of very high dimensionality. In a second step,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Marco Loog , François Lauze