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Minimizing the Mean Squared Error (MSE) is a key objective in machine learning and is commonly used for imputing missing values. While this approach provides accurate point estimates, it introduces systematic biases in downstream analyses.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-06 Stef van Buuren

Motivated by value function estimation in reinforcement learning, we study statistical linear inverse problems, i.e., problems where the coefficients of a linear system to be solved are observed in noise. We consider penalized estimators,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Bernardo Avila Pires , Csaba Szepesvari

Noise is an unavoidable part of most measurements which can hinder a correct interpretation of the data. Uncertainties propagate in the data analysis and can lead to biased results even in basic descriptive statistics such as the central…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-27 Lorenzo Rimoldini

We derive an exact and efficient Bayesian regression algorithm for piecewise constant functions of unknown segment number, boundary location, and levels. It works for any noise and segment level prior, e.g. Cauchy which can handle outliers.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Marcus Hutter

We consider the problem of global optimization of an unknown non-convex smooth function with zeroth-order feedback. In this setup, an algorithm is allowed to adaptively query the underlying function at different locations and receives noisy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-26 Yining Wang , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Aarti Singh

This note addresses the question of optimally estimating a linear functional of an object acquired through linear observations corrupted by random noise, where optimality pertains to a worst-case setting tied to a symmetric, convex, and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Simon Foucart , Grigoris Paouris

Covariate shift occurs when the distribution of input features differs between the training and testing phases. In covariate shift, estimating an unknown function's moment is a classical problem that remains under-explored, despite its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-01 Zhen Zhang , Xin Liu , Shaoli Wang , Jiaye Teng

The least-squares estimator has achieved considerable success in learning linear dynamical systems from a single trajectory of length $T$. While it attains an optimal error of $\mathcal{O}(1/\sqrt{T})$ under independent zero-mean noise, it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Jihun Kim , Javad Lavaei

We consider the problem of estimating a smooth functional of an unknown signal with discontinuity from Gaussian observations. The signal is a known function that depends on an unknown parameter. This problem is closely related to the famous…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-12-19 Farida Enikeeva

A wavelet-based changepoint method is proposed that determines when the variability of the noise in a sequence of functional profiles goes out-of-control from a known, fixed value. The functional portion of the profiles are allowed to come…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-20 Vladimir J. Geneus , Eric Chicken , Jordan Cuevas , Joseph J. Pignatiello

This paper deals with the problem of finding suboptimal values of an unknown function on the basis of measured data corrupted by bounded noise. As a prior, we assume that the unknown function is parameterized in terms of a number of basis…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-10 Jaap Eising , Jorge Cortes

Estimators of doubly robust functionals typically rely on estimating two complex nuisance functions, such as the propensity score and conditional outcome mean for the average treatment effect functional. We consider the problem of how to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Sean McGrath , Rajarshi Mukherjee

In this paper we focus on the linear functionals defining an approximate version of the gradient of a function. These functionals are often used when dealing with optimization problems where the computation of the gradient of the objective…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-21 Marco Boresta , Tommaso Colombo , Alberto De Santis , Stefano Lucidi

Attaining reliable profile gradients is of utmost relevance for many physical systems. In most situations, the estimation of gradient can be inaccurate due to noise. It is common practice to first estimate the underlying system and then…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-05-31 Kushani De Silva , Carlo Cafaro , Adom Giffin

We propose a new method for estimating the minimizer $\boldsymbol{x}^*$ and the minimum value $f^*$ of a smooth and strongly convex regression function $f$ from the observations contaminated by random noise. Our estimator $\boldsymbol{z}_n$…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-10 Arya Akhavan , Davit Gogolashvili , Alexandre B. Tsybakov

We consider the problem of estimating the region on which a non-parametric regression function is at its baseline level in two dimensions. The baseline level typically corresponds to the minimum/maximum of the function and estimating such…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-12-24 Atul Mallik , Moulinath Banerjee , Michael Woodroofe

This paper considers a sequential estimation and sensor scheduling problem with one sensor and one estimator. The sensor makes sequential observations about the state of an underlying memoryless stochastic process, and makes a decision as…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Xiaobin Gao , Emrah Akyol , Tamer Basar

Let $\{P_{\theta}:\theta \in {\mathbb R}^d\}$ be a log-concave location family with $P_{\theta}(dx)=e^{-V(x-\theta)}dx,$ where $V:{\mathbb R}^d\mapsto {\mathbb R}$ is a known convex function and let $X_1,\dots, X_n$ be i.i.d. r.v. sampled…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Vladimir Koltchinskii , Martin Wahl

In the present paper we consider the problem of estimating a periodic $(r+1)$-dimensional function $f$ based on observations from its noisy convolution. We construct a wavelet estimator of $f$, derive minimax lower bounds for the $L^2$-risk…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-05-24 Rida Benhaddou , Marianna Pensky , Dominique Picard

A common way to estimate an unknown convex regression function $f_0: \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^d \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ from a set of $n$ noisy observations is to fit a convex function that minimizes the sum of squared errors. However,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-25 Eunji Lim