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We develop a framework to describe gravitational wave propagation through a stochastic distribution of weak gravitational lenses beyond the geometric optics limit. We model the lens distribution as a static random background field and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-17 Ripalta Amoruso , Ginevra Braga , Alice Garoffolo , Francescopaolo Lopez , Nicola Bartolo , Sabino Matarrese

Gravitational lensing in metric theories of gravity is discussed. I introduce a generalized approximate metric element, inclusive of both post-post-Newtonian (ppN) contributions and gravito-magnetic field. Following Fermat's principle and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Sereno

We present equations for the gravitational lensing flexion expected for an elliptical lens mass distribution. These can be reduced to one-dimensional finite integrals, thus saving significant computing time over a full two-dimensional…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 A. J. Hawken , S. L. Bridle

We have studied the mass distribution in the lensing galaxy 2237+0305 using constraints from both gravitational lensing and photometric and spectroscopic observations. We find that with sufficient dynamical information we can constrain the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. M. Trott , R. L. Webster

We simulate the effects of gravitational lensing on the source count of high redshift galaxies as projected to be observed by the Hubble Frontier Fields program and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in the near future. Taking the mass…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Natalie Mashian , Abraham Loeb

Wave effects in lensing form a rich phenomenon at the intersection of classical caustic singularities and quantum interference, yet are notoriously difficult to model. A large number of recently observed pulsars and fast radio bursts in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-01 Job Feldbrugge

Gravitational microlensing is a unique probe of the stellar content in strong lens galaxies. Flux ratio anomalies from gravitationally lensed supernovae (glSNe), just like lensed quasars, can be used to constrain the stellar mass fractions…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-01 Luke Weisenbach , Thomas Collett , Wolfgang Enzi , Lindsay Oldham , Ana Sainz de Murieta

We examine models of the mass distribution for the first known case of gravitational lensing. Several new sets of constraints are used, based on recent observations. We remodel the VLBI observations of the radio jets in the two images of…

We give precise details to support that observations of gravitational lensing at scales of individual, groups and clusters of galaxies can be understood in terms of non-Newtonian gravitational interactions with a relativistic structure…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-02 S. Mendoza , G. J. Olmo

When gravitational waves propagate near massive objects, their paths curve resulting in gravitational lensing, which is expected to be a promising new instrument in astrophysics. If the time delay between different paths is comparable with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-14 Oleg Bulashenko , Helena Ubach

Like light, gravitational waves can be gravitationally lensed by massive astrophysical objects. Strong gravitational lensing by galaxies and galaxy clusters is anticipated to become observable in the coming years. This phenomenon will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-03 Leo C. Y. Ng , Justin Janquart , Hemantakumar Phurailatpam , Harsh Narola , Jason S. C. Poon , Chris Van Den Broeck , Otto A. Hannuksela

Gravitational lensing refers to the deflection of light by the gravity of celestial bodies, often predominantly composed of dark matter. Seen through a gravitational lens, the images of distant galaxies appear distorted. In this paper we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-22 Hans Georg Schaatun , Ben David Normann , Einar Leite Austnes , Simon Ingebrigtsen , Sondre Westbø Remøy , Simon Nedreberg Runde

The Faraday rotation measurements of multiply-imaged gravitational lens systems can be effectively used to probe the existence of large-scale ordered magnetic fields in lensing galaxies and galaxy clusters. The available sample of lens…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-25 D. Narasimha , S. M. Chitre

Analysing the weak lensing distortions of the images of faint background galaxies provides a means to constrain the mass distribution of cluster galaxies and potentially to test the extent of their dark matter halos as a function of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-02-03 Bernhard Geiger

Gravitational lensing by gravitational wave is considered. We notice that although final and initial direction of photons coincide, displacement between final and initial trajectories occurs. This displacement is calculated analytically for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-01-31 G. S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan , O. Yu. Tsupko

Recently, Y. Sobouti (2007) has provided a metric theory f(R) that can account for certain dynamical anomalies observed in spiral galaxies. Mendoza & Rosas-Guevara (2007) have shown that in this theory there is an extra-bending as compared…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Tula Bernal , Sergio Mendoza

When a gravitational wave encounters a massive object along the line of sight, repeated copies of the original signal may be produced due to gravitational lensing. In this paper, we develop a series of new machine-learning based statistical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-09 Giulia Campailla , Marco Raveri , Wayne Hu , Jose María Ezquiaga

After a brief introduction to gravitational lensing theory, a rough overview of the types of gravitational lensing statistics that have been performed so far will be given. I shall then concentrate on recent results of galaxy-galaxy…

Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-28 Norbert Straumann

In Paper I we studied the theory of gravitational microlensing for a planar distribution of point masses. In this second paper, we extend the analysis to a three-dimensional lens distribution. First we study the lensing properties of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Man Hoi Lee , Arif Babul , Lev Kofman , Nick Kaiser

We found strong similarities between the gravitational lensing and the conventional optical lensing. The similarities imply a graded refractive index description of the light deflection in gravitational field. We got a general approach to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-13 Xing-Hao Ye , Qiang Lin