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We discuss some fundamental issues underlying gravitational physics and point out some of the main shortcomings of Einstein's General Relativity. In particular, after taking into account the role of the two main objects of relativistic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-09-12 S. Capozziello , G. Lambiase

Theories that attempt to explain the observed cosmic acceleration by modifying general relativity all introduce a new scalar degree of freedom that is active on large scales, but is screened on small scales to match experiments. We show…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Lam Hui , Alberto Nicolis , Christopher Stubbs

The Equivalence Principle (EP) is at the heart of General Relativity (GR), tested in many aspects. It is often used to discuss qualitatively the influence of gravity on physical phenomena. But can this be made more precise? We compare clock…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-29 Peter C. Aichelburg

The Universality of Free Fall and the Weak Equivalence Principle, which are at the basis of General Relativity, have been confirmed to 1 part in 10^13. Space experiments with macroscopic test masses of different composition orbiting the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-04 Anna M. Nobili

Although there is overwhelming evidence of dark matter from its gravitational interaction, we still do not know its precise gravitational interaction strength or whether it obeys the equivalence principle. Using the latest available…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-10-21 Yang Bai , Jordi Salvado , Ben A. Stefanek

General relativity as one the pillar of modern cosmology has to be thoroughly tested if we want to achieve an accurate cosmology. We present the results from such a test on cosmological scales using cosmic shear and galaxy clustering…

The observed flat rotation curves of galaxies require either the presence of dark matter in Newtonian gravitational potentials or a significant modification to the theory of gravity at galactic scales. Detecting relativistic Doppler shifts…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2012-02-15 Alan Cooney , Dimitrios Psaltis , Dennis Zaritsky

Satellite laser-ranging is successfully used in space geodesy, geodynamics and Earth sciences; and to test fundamental physics and specific features of General Relativity. We present a confirmation to approximately one part in a billion of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-07-02 Ignazio Ciufolini , Richard Matzner , Antonio Paolozzi , Erricos C. Pavlis , Giampiero Sindoni , John Ries , Vahe Gurzadyan , Rolf Koenig

We show how one can test the cosmological Poisson equation by requiring only the validity of three main assumptions: the energy-momentum conservation equations of matter, the equivalence principle, and the cosmological principle. We first…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-08 Ziyang Zheng , Ziad Sakr , Luca Amendola

In this paper I investigate the possibility to test Einstein's equations with observations of cosmological large scale structure. I first show that we have not tested the equations in observations concerning only the homogeneous and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Ruth Durrer

We propose and apply a new test of Einstein's Equivalence Principle (EEP) based on the gravitational redshift induced by the central super massive black hole of quasars in the surrounding accretion disk. Specifically, we compare the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 E. Mediavilla , J. JimÉnez-Vicente

Electron accelerations of the order of $10^{21} g$ obtained by laser fields open up the possibility of experimentally testing one of the cornerstones of general relativity, the weak equivalence principle, which states that the local effects…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 L. Á. Gergely , T. Harko

The strong equivalence principle is extended in application to averaged dynamical fields in cosmology to include the role of the average density in the determination of inertial frames. The resulting cosmological equivalence principle is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 David L. Wiltshire

The unprecedented precision of atom interferometry will soon lead to laboratory tests of general relativity to levels that will rival or exceed those reached by astrophysical observations. We propose such an experiment that will initially…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Savas Dimopoulos , Peter W. Graham , Jason M. Hogan , Mark A. Kasevich

Scalar-tensor theories of gravity generally violate the strong equivalence principle, namely compact objects have a suppressed coupling to the scalar force, causing them to fall slower. A black hole is the extreme example where such a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-02 Jeremy Sakstein , Bhuvnesh Jain , Jeremy S. Heyl , Lam Hui

Einstein's theory of General Relativity is the benchmark example for empirical success and mathematical elegance in theoretical physics. However, in spite of being the most successfully tested theory in physics, there are strong theoretical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-03-20 Niayesh Afshordi

We reassess the realistic discovery reach of Solar-System experiments for dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM), making explicit the bridge from cosmology-level linear responses to local, screened residuals. In scalar-tensor frameworks with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-02 Slava G. Turyshev

While the (weak) Equivalence Principle (EP) has been rigorously tested within the solar system, its validity on cosmological scales, particularly in the context of dark matter and dark energy, remains uncertain. In this study, we propose a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-06 Guoyuan Lu , Yi Zheng , Le Zhang , Xiaodong Li , Jiacheng Ding , Kwan Chuen Chan

Einstein's theory of gravity, general relativity, has passed stringent tests in laboratories, elsewhere in the Solar Sytem, and in pulsar binaries. Nevertheless it is known to be incompatible with quantum mechanics and must differ from the…

Modifications of general relativity provide an alternative explanation to dark energy for the observed acceleration of the universe. We review recent developments in modified gravity theories, focusing on higher dimensional approaches and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Bhuvnesh Jain , Justin Khoury