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In the sixth-generation (6G) Internet of Things (IoT) networks, the use of UAV-mounted base stations and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) has been considered to enhance coverage, flexibility, and security in non-terrestrial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Abrar Bin Sarawar , A. S. M. Badrudduza , Md. Ibrahim , Imran Shafique Ansari , Heejung Yu

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a mixed radio-frequency-underwater wireless optical communication (RF-UWOC) system where an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), as a low-altitude mobile aerial base station, transmits information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-19 Sai Li , Liang Yang , Daniel Benevides da Costa

Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a promising technology that can provide high data rates while supporting multiple users. The Optical Wireless (OW) physical layer has been researched extensively, however less work was devoted to…

The breakthroughs of communication distance and data rate have been eagerly anticipated by scientists in the area of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC), which is seriously limited by the obvious aquatic attenuation in…

Optics · Physics 2024-11-19 Xiaohe Dong , Kuokuo Zhang , Caiming Sun , Jun Zhang , Aidong Zhang , Lijun Wang

The continually growing demands for traffic as a result of advanced technologies in 5G and 6G systems offering services with intensive demands such as IoT and virtual reality applications has resulted in significant performance expectations…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Abrar S. Alhazmi , Sanaa H. Mohamed and , T. E. H. El-Gorashi , Jaafar M. H. Elmirghani

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is becoming a critical infrastructure for ocean observation, marine resource management, and climate science. Its development is hindered by severe acoustic attenuation, propagation delays far…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Kenechi Omeke , Attai Abubakar , Michael Mollel , Lei Zhang , Qammer H. Abbasi , Muhammad Ali Imran

This paper presents an analysis of the performance of a Gaussian optical beam as it propagates through the turbulent underwater optical channel (UWOC) under the weak turbulence regime, where optical signal experiences significant fading and…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-03 Shideh Tayebnaimi , Kamran Kiasaleh

As wireless systems grow rapidly worldwide, one of the most important things, wireless systems designers and service providers faces is interference. Interference decreases coverage, capacity [1], and limits the effectiveness of both new…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Zeeshan Haider , Muhammad Saleem , T. Jamal

Wireless Communication is an application of science and technology that has come to be vital for modern existence. From the early radio and telephone to current devices such as mobile phones and laptops, accessing the global network has…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-05-06 Ibrahim AlShourbaji

With the growing use of underwater acoustic communications (UWAC) for both industrial and military operations, there is a need to ensure communication security. A particular challenge is represented by underwater acoustic networks (UWANs),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-03 Roee Diamant , Paolo Casari , Stefano Tomasin

Wireless communication systems exhibit structural and functional similarities to neural networks: signals propagate through cascaded elements, interact with the environment, and undergo transformations. Building upon this perspective, we…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Meng Hua , Itsik Bergel , Tolga Girici , Marco Di Renzo , Deniz Gunduz

This work deals with the physical layer security performance of a dual-hop underwater optical communication (UOWC)-radio frequency (RF) network under the intruding attempts of multiple eavesdroppers via RF links. The intermediate decode and…

Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are of interest to gather data from underwater sensor nodes (SNs) and deliver information to a terrestrial access point (AP) in the uplink transmission, and transfer data from the AP to the SNs in the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Pouya Agheli , Hamzeh Beyranvand , Mohammad Javad Emadi

Wireless communication systems that include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) promise to provide cost-effective wireless connectivity for devices without infrastructure coverage. Compared to terrestrial communications or those based on…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Yong Zeng , Rui Zhang , Teng Joon Lim

We analyze a secure two-hop mixed radio frequency (RF) and underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system using a fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relay. The UWOC channel is modeled using a unified mixture…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Yi Lou , Ruofan Sun , Julian Cheng , Songzuo Liu , Feng Zhou , Gang Qiao

Physical layer message authentication in underwater acoustic networks (UWANs) leverages the characteristics of the underwater acoustic channel (UWAC) as a fingerprint of the transmitting device. However, as the device moves its UWAC…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-07 Gianmaria Ventura , Francesco Ardizzon , Stefano Tomasin

The Metaverse is a digital world that offers an immersive virtual experience. However, the Metaverse applications are bandwidth-hungry and delay-sensitive that require ultrahigh data rates, ultra-low latency, and hyper-intensive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-23 Baha Eddine Youcef Belmekki , Abderrahmen Trichili , Boon S. Ooi , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

In a water-air optical wireless communication (OWC) channel, dynamic ocean waves may significantly deflect the light beam from its original direction, thus deteriorating the communication performance. In this letter, a beam tracking system…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-12 Yujie Di , Yingjie Shao , Lian-Kuan Chen

This paper presents a unified analytical framework for a two phase underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system that integrates Simultaneous Lightwave Information and Power Transfer (SLIPT) using a photovoltaic (PV) panel…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-14 Shunyuan Shang , Ziyuan Shi , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) is revolutionizing marine sensing and environmental monitoring, as well as subaquatic exploration, which are enabled by interconnected and intelligent subsystems. Nevertheless, underwater…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Ruhul Amin Khalil , Asiya Jehangir , Hanane Lamaazi , Sadaf Rubab , Nasir Saeed