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Multiple imputation provides us with efficient estimators in model-based methods for handling missing data under the true model. It is also well-understood that design-based estimators are robust methods that do not require accurately…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-11 Kyunghee Han , Pamela A. Shaw , Thomas Lumley

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to retrieve a target image based on a query composed of a reference image, and a relative caption that specifies the desired modification. Despite the rapid development of CIR models, their performance is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yikun Liu , Jiangchao Yao , Weidi Xie , Yanfeng Wang

Integrated information theory (IIT) is a theoretical framework that provides a quantitative measure to estimate when a physical system is conscious, its degree of consciousness, and the complexity of the qualia space that the system is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Eduardo C. Garrido-Merchán , Javier Sánchez-Cañizares

Fair clustering aims to divide data into distinct clusters while preventing sensitive attributes (\textit{e.g.}, gender, race, RNA sequencing technique) from dominating the clustering. Although a number of works have been conducted and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Pengxin Zeng , Yunfan Li , Peng Hu , Dezhong Peng , Jiancheng Lv , Xi Peng

It is a well-known issue that in Item Response Theory models there is no closed-form for the maximum likelihood estimators of the item parameters. Parameter estimation is therefore typically achieved by means of numerical methods like…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-28 Stefano Noventa , Roberto Faleh , Augustin Kelava

Differential item functioning (DIF) detection is an important yet understudied problem in computerized adaptive testing (CAT). In this article, we proposed a two-level logistic model to improve DIF detection in CAT by explicitly accounting…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-05 Dandan Chen Kaptur , Justin Kern , Chingwei David Shin , Jinming Zhang

Differential item functioning (DIF) or measurement invariance (MI) testing for single-item assessments has previously been impossible. Part of the issue is that there are no conditioning variables to serve as a proxy for the latent…

Applications · Statistics 2026-01-28 R Noah Padgett

Although feature models are widely used in practice, for example, representing variability in software product lines, their integration is still a challenge. Many integration techniques have been proposed, although none of these have proven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Vinicius Bischoff

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a powerful tool for improving large language model performance on complex tasks, but recent work shows that reasoning steps often fail to causally influence the final answer, creating brittle…

Various methods to detect differential item functioning (DIF) in item response models are available. However, most of the methods assume that the responses are binary, for ordered response categories available methods are scarce. In the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-29 Stella Bollmann , Moritz Berger , Gerhard Tutz

The massive scale of modern AI accelerators presents critical challenges to traditional fault assessment methodologies, which face prohibitive computational costs and provide poor coverage of critical failure modes. This paper introduces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Khurram Khalil , Muhammad Mahad Khaliq , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

Item response theory (IRT) is a popular modeling paradigm for measuring subject latent traits and item properties according to discrete responses in tests or questionnaires. There are very limited discussions on heterogeneity pattern…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-02 Guanyu Hu , Zhihua Ma , Insu Paek

A novel approach for solving a multiple judge, multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problem is proposed. The ranking of alternatives that are evaluated based on multiple criteria is difficult, since the presence of multiple criteria…

Applications · Statistics 2018-07-17 Daniel Kostner

Technological advancements have made it possible to deliver mobile health interventions to individuals. A novel framework that has emerged from such advancements is the just-in-time adaptive intervention (JITAI), which aims to suggest the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-10 Jing Xu , Xiaoxi Yan , Caroline Figueroa , Joseph Jay Williams , Bibhas Chakraborty

For computing efficient approximate designs of multifactor experiments, we propose a simple algorithm based on adaptive exploration of the grid of all combinations of factor levels. We demonstrate that the algorithm significantly…

Computation · Statistics 2021-04-12 Radoslav Harman , Lenka Filová , Samuel Rosa

In the smart era, psychometric tests are becoming increasingly important for personnel selection, career development, and mental health assessment. Forced-choice tests are common in personality assessments because they require participants…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xiaoyu Li , Jin Wu , Shaoyang Guo , Haoran Shi , Chanjin Zheng

Computerized Adaptive Testing (CAT) has proven effective for efficient LLM evaluation on multiple-choice benchmarks, but modern LLM evaluation increasingly relies on generation tasks where outputs are scored continuously rather than marked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Esma Balkır , Alice Pernthaller , Marco Basaldella , José Hernández-Orallo , Nigel Collier

Humans can progressively learn visual concepts from easy to hard questions. To mimic this efficient learning ability, we propose a competence-aware curriculum for visual concept learning in a question-answering manner. Specifically, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Qing Li , Siyuan Huang , Yining Hong , Song-Chun Zhu

Traditional methods for determining assessment item parameters, such as difficulty and discrimination, rely heavily on expensive field testing to collect student performance data for Item Response Theory (IRT) calibration. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Christopher Ormerod

The Gittins index is a tool that optimally solves a variety of decision-making problems involving uncertainty, including multi-armed bandit problems, minimizing mean latency in queues, and search problems like the Pandora's box model.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Ziv Scully , Alexander Terenin
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