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The discovery of pulsating ultra-luminous X-ray sources (PULX) suggests that neutron stars are presumably common within the ultra-luminous X-ray source (ULX) population though the majority of the population members are currently lacking…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-15 M. H. Erkut , M. M. Türkoğlu , K. Y. Ekşi , M. A. Alpar

The accreting compact objects in most of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are likely to be neutron stars rather than black holes as suggested by the recent detection of periodic pulsations from some of these sources located in neighboring…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-04 Mehmet Hakan Erkut

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULX) are off-nuclear point sources in nearby galaxies whose X-ray luminosity exceeds the theoretical maximum for spherical infall (the Eddington limit) onto stellar-mass black holes. Their luminosity ranges from…

The recent discovery of periodic pulsations from several members of the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) family in nearby galaxies as well as in our own galaxy unveiled the nature of the accreting compact object. Neutron stars rather than…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-13 Mehmet Hakan Erkut

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are a population of extragalactic objects whose luminosity exceeds the Eddington limit for a 10 Msun black hole (BH). Their properties have been widely interpreted in terms of accreting stellar-mass or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-02-22 F. Pintore , L. Zampieri , L. Stella , A. Wolter , S. Mereghetti , G. L. Israel

Ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are off-nuclear point sources in nearby galaxies with luminosities well exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass objects. It has been recognized after the discovery of pulsating ULXs (PULXs) that a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-22 M. Hakan Erkut , K. Yavuz Ekşi

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are extreme X-ray binaries shining above 10^39 erg/s, in most cases as a consequence of super-Eddington accretion onto neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes accreting above their Eddington limit. This…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-18 Ciro Pinto , Peter Kosec

The discovery of pulsations in several Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) demonstrated that a fraction of ULXs are powered by super-Eddington accretion onto neutron stars (NSs). This opened the debate as to what is the NS to black hole (BH)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-26 Andrés Gúrpide , Olivier Godet , Filippos Koliopanos , Natalie Webb , Jean-François Olive

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are bright extragalactic sources with X-ray luminosities above 10^39 erg/s powered by accretion onto compact objects. According to the first studies performed with XMM-Newton ULXs seemed to be excellent…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-10 Ciro Pinto , Andrew Fabian , Matthew Middleton , Dom Walton

We perform radiative magnetohydrodynamics simulations in general relativity (GRRMHD) of super-Eddington disk accretion onto neutron stars endowed with a magnetic dipole corresponding to surface strengths not exceeding 100 GigaGauss.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-28 Fatemeh Kayanikhoo , Włodek Kluźniak , Miljenko Čemeljić

Luminosities of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are uncomfortably large if compared to the Eddington limit for isotropic accretion onto stellar-mass object. Most often either supercritical accretion onto stellar mass black hole or…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-24 V. Doroshenko , A. Santangelo , L. Ducci

The detection of cyclotron resonance scattering features (CRSFs) is the only way to directly and reliably measure the magnetic field near the surface of a neutron star (NS). The broad energy coverage and large collection area of…

Most ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are thought to be powered by neutron stars and black holes accreting beyond the Eddington limit. If the compact object is a black hole or a neutron star with a magnetic field $\lesssim10^{12}$ G, the…

Pulsations were recently detected from the ultraluminous X-ray source X-2 in M82. The newly discovered pulsar has been described as a common neutron star with a 1 TG magnetic field that accretes above the Eddington rate and as a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-22 Dimitris M. Christodoulou , Silas G. T. Laycock , Demosthenes Kazanas

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are point-like sources that exhibit apparent X-ray luminosities exceeding the Eddington limit for stellar-mass compact objects. A widely accepted interpretation is that these systems are X-ray binaries…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-21 Lucas M. Pasquevich , Gustavo E. Romero , Matías M. Reynoso

The reported discovery of a cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF) in the spectrum of M51 ULX-8 may provide an important clue as to the nature of the magnetic field in those ultraluminous X-ray sources hosting neutron stars. In this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-13 Matthew Middleton , Murray Brightman , Fabio Pintore , Matteo Bachetti , Andrew Fabian , Felix Fuerst , Dominic Walton

In recent work with high-resolution grating spectrometers (RGS) aboard XMM-Newton Pinto et al. (2016) have discovered that two bright and archetypal ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) have strong relativistic winds in agreement with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-03 C. Pinto , W. Alston , R. Soria , M. J. Middleton , D. J. Walton , A. D. Sutton , A. C. Fabian , H. Earnshaw , R. Urquhart , E. Kara , T. P. Roberts

Identifying the compact object in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) has to-date required detection of pulsations or a cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF), indicating a magnetised neutron star. However, pulsations are observed to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-10 M. Middleton , P. C. Fragile , A. Ingram , T. P. Roberts

High mass accretion rate onto strongly magnetised neutron stars results in the appearance of accretion columns supported by the radiation pressure and confined by the strong magnetic field of a star. At mass accretion rates above $\sim…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-26 Aman Asthana , Alexander A. Mushtukov , Alexandra A. Dobrynina , Igor S. Ognev

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) were identified as a separate class of objects in 2000 based on data from the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. These are unique objects: their X-ray luminosities exceed the Eddington limit for a typical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-05-25 S. N. Fabrika , K. E. Atapin , A. S. Vinokurov , O. N. Sholukhova
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