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The Unruh effect predicts that a uniformly accelerated observer perceives the vacuum seen by an inertial observer as a thermal bath at a temperature proportional to its proper acceleration. This phenomenon is often regarded as a flat…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-23 Yuebing Zhou , Jiawei Hu , Hongwei Yu

An accelerated particle sees the Minkowski vacuum as thermally excited, and the particle moves stochastically due to an interaction with the thermal bath. This interaction fluctuates the particle's transverse momenta like the Brownian…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-17 Satoshi Iso , Yasuhiro Yamamoto , Sen Zhang

In this note, the non-relativistic Doppler spectrum of the Unruh radiation from an accelerating mass is determined. Additionally, the scattering of thermal bath photons off an accelerating electron in an electromagnetic field, as seen by a…

General Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Jeff S. Lee , Gerald B. Cleaver , Felix Yu

The structure of spacetime, quantum field theory, and thermodynamics are all connected through the concepts of the Hawking and Unruh temperatures. The possible detection of the related radiation constitutes a fundamental test of such subtle…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 G. Brodin , M. Marklund , R. Bingham , J. Collier , R. G. Evans

Recent observations of excess radiation at extreme ultraviolet and hard X-ray energies straddling the well known thermal soft X-ray emission have provided new tools and puzzles for investigation of the acceleration of nonthermal particles…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vahé Petrosian

The quantum fluctuations of an "accelerated" vacuum state, that is vacuum fluctuations in the presence of a constant electromagnetic field, can be described by the temperature $\TEH$. Considering $\TEH$ for the gyromagnetic factor $g=1$ we…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-08-24 Lance Labun , Johann Rafelski

We consider a gedanken experiment with a beam of atoms in their ground state that are accelerated through a single-mode microwave cavity. We show that taking into account of the ''counter-rotating'' terms in the interaction Hamiltonian…

In contrast to recent criticism we undertake to show that the notion of Unruh temperature describes a real thermal property of the vacuum if viewed from an accelerated reference frame. We embed our investigation in a more general analysis…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-08 Manfred Requardt

Here we demonstrate that photons launched into a specially designed metamaterial waveguide act as massive quasi-particles, which experience strong acceleration. Laser light propagating through such a waveguide may be used as a thermometer…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-11 Igor I. Smolyaninov

It has recently been shown that extremely strong electric fields can be created in central collisions of heavy ions, due to which the Schwinger effect can be significant. A direct analogue of the electric field in hydrodynamics is the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-06 G. Yu. Prokhorov , D. A. Shohonov , O. V. Teryaev , N. S. Tsegelnik , V. I. Zakharov

Electrons moving in a strong periodic electromagnetic field (e.g., laser or undulator) may convert quantum vacuum fluctuations into pairs of entangled photons, which can be understood as a signature of the Unruh effect. Apart from verifying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Ralf Schützhold , Gernot Schaller , Dietrich Habs

It is generally accepted that a system undergoing uniform acceleration with respect to zero-temperature vacuum will thermalize at a finite temperature (the so-called Unruh temperature) that is proportional to the acceleration. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 G. W. Ford , R. F. O'Connell

We study, in the framework of open systems, the entanglement generation of two independent uniformly accelerated atoms in interaction with the vacuum fluctuations of massless scalar fields subjected to a reflecting plane boundary. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Jialin Zhang , Hongwei Yu

An uniformly accelerated (Rindler) observer will detect particles in the Minkowski vacuum, known as Unruh effect. The spectrum is thermal and the temperature is given by that of the Killing horizon, which is proportional to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-02-07 Ananya Adhikari , Krishnakanta Bhattacharya , Chandramouli Chowdhury , Bibhas Ranjan Majhi

A model detector undergoing constant, infinite-duration acceleration converges to an equilibrium state described by the Hawking-Unruh temperature $T_a=(a/2\pi)(\hbar/c)$. To relate this prediction to experimental observables, a point-like…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-06-08 B. M. Hegelich , L. Labun , O. Z. Labun , G. Torrieri , H. Truran

We show how the use of entanglement can enhance the precision of the detection of the Unruh effect with an accelerated probe. We use the Unruh-DeWitt model of a two-level atom interacting relativistically with a quantum field and treat the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-30 Zehua Tian , Jieci Wang , Jiliang Jing , Andrzej Dragan

This paper presents an analysis of the radiation seen by an observer in circular acceleration, for a magnetic spin. This is applied to an electron in a storage ring, and the subtilty of the interaction of the spin with the spatial motion of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 W. G. Unruh

The Unruh effect is a quantum relativistic effect where the accelerated observer perceives the vacuum as a thermal state. Here we propose the experimental realization of the Unruh effect for interacting ultracold fermions in optical…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-12-17 Arkadiusz Kosior , Maciej Lewenstein , Alessio Celi

We demonstrate that electrons can be efficiently accelerated to high energy in spatially non-uniform, intense laser fields. Laser non-uniformities occur when a perfect plane wave reflects off a randomly perturbed surface. By solving for…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2020-10-05 Mark Sherlock

A uniformly accelerated charged particle feels the vacuum as thermally excited and fluctuates around the classical trajectory. Then we may expect additional radiation besides the Larmor radiation. It is called Unruh radiation. In this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-02-24 Satoshi Iso , Yasuhiro Yamamoto , Sen Zhang