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We show that the mathematical meaning of working in characteristic one is directly connected to the fields of idempotent analysis and tropical algebraic geometry and we relate this idea to the notion of the absolute point. After introducing…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-11-19 Alain Connes , Caterina Consani

The aim of this paper is to prove that every non-empty set of valuations centered at a two-dimensional regular domain has an infimum. We also generalize some results related to a non-metric tree.

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2012-05-28 Josnei Novacoski

Optimal pointwise estimates are derived for the biharmonic Green function under Dirichlet boundary conditions in arbitrary $C^{4,\gamma}$-smooth domains. Maximum principles do not exist for fourth order elliptic equations and the Green…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2011-03-04 Hans-Christoph Grunau , Frédéric Robert , Guido Sweers

Let $k$ be a field that is finitely generated over its prime field. In Grothendieck's anabelian letter to Faltings, he conjectured that sending a $k$-scheme to its \'{e}tale topos defines a fully faithful functor from the localization of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-07-30 Magnus Carlson , Peter J. Haine , Sebastian Wolf

We extend Edmonds' Branching Theorem to locally finite infinite digraphs. As examples of Oxley or Aharoni and Thomassen show, this cannot be done using ordinary arborescences, whose underlying graphs are trees. Instead we introduce the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-06 J. Pascal Gollin , Karl Heuer

We develop the theory of ``branch algebras'', which are infinite-dimensional associative algebras that are isomorphic, up to taking subrings of finite codimension, to a matrix ring over themselves. The main examples come from groups acting…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-11-27 Laurent Bartholdi

An order-theoretic forest is a countable partial order such that the set of elements larger than any element is linearly ordered. It is an order-theoretic tree if any two elements have an upper-bound. The order type of a branch can be any…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Bruno Courcelle

We give a short and elementary proof of the fact that every metric space of finite asymptotic dimension can be embedded into a finite product of trees.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Daniel Kasprowski

This self-contained paper is part of a series \cite{FF2,FF3} on actions by diffeomorphisms of infinite groups on compact manifolds. The two main results presented here are: 1) Any homomorphism of (almost any) mapping class group or…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Benson Farb , John Franks

We define and give explicit construction of the universal tree-graded space with a given collection of pieces. We apply that to proving uniqueness of asymptotic cones of relatively hyperbolic groups whose peripheral subgroups have unique…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2011-03-22 Denis Osin , Mark Sapir

We develop the theory of a metric completion of an asymmetric metric space. We characterize the points on the boundary of Outer Space that are in the metric completion of Outer Space with the Lipschitz metric. We prove that the simplicial…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-12 Yael Algom-Kfir

To every automorphism w of an infinite rooted regular binary tree we associate a two variable generating function \Phi_w that encodes information on the orbit structure of w. We prove that this is a rational function if w can be described…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-01 Richard Pink

We study infinite tree and ultrametric matrices, and their action on the boundary of the tree. For each tree matrix we show the existence of a symmetric random walk associated to it and we study its Green potential. We provide a…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Claude Dellacherie , Servet Martinez , Jaime San Martin

We present a construction, called the limit of a tree system of spaces (or, less formally, a tree of spaces). The construction is designed to produce compact metric spaces that resemble fractals, out of more regular spaces, such as closed…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-09-30 Jacek Swiatkowski

The vertices of the Cayley graph of a finitely generated semigroup form a set of sites which can be labeled by elements of a finite alphabet in a manner governed by a nonnegative real interaction matrix, respecting nearest neighbor…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-10-07 Karl Petersen , Ibrahim Salama

An infinite dimensional notion of asymptotic structure is considered. This notion is developed in terms of trees and branches on Banach spaces. Every countably infinite countably branching tree $\mathcal T$ of a certain type on a space X is…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Edward Odell , Thomas Schlumprecht

We show that for any integer n and any field k of characteristic different from 2 there are at most finitely many isomorphism classes of quadratic morphisms from the projective line over k to itself with a finite postcritical orbit of size…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-08-27 Richard Pink

If $f$ is in the Eremenko-Lyubich class (transcendental entire functions with bounded singular set) then $\Omega= \{ z: |f(z)| > R\}$ and $f|_\Omega$ must satisfy certain simple topological conditions when $R$ is sufficiently large. A model…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-01-06 Christopher J. Bishop

End-spaces of infinite graphs naturally generalise the Freudenthal boundary and sit at the interface between graph theory, geometric group theory and topology. Our main result is that every end-space can topologically be represented by a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Jan Kurkofka , Max Pitz

An equation $f(x)=a$, where $f$ is a complex meromorphic function and $a\in\mathbb{C}$ is a parameter, is solvable in elementary functions if the inverse map $x=f^{-1}(a)$ can be expressed as a finite composition of arithmetic operations…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Miroslav Marinov , Nikola Veselinov