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Reinforcement Learning (RL) applications in real-world scenarios must prioritize safety and reliability, which impose strict constraints on agent behavior. Model-based RL leverages predictive world models for action planning and policy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Artem Latyshev , Gregory Gorbov , Aleksandr I. Panov

Non-differentiable controllers and rule-based policies are widely used for controlling real systems such as telecommunication networks and robots. Specifically, parameters of mobile network base station antennas can be dynamically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Viktor Eriksson Möllerstedt , Alessio Russo , Maxime Bouton

Recent success in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods has shown that policy optimization with respect to an off-policy distribution via importance sampling is effective for sample reuse. In this paper, we show that the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Zichuan Lin , Xiapeng Wu , Mingfei Sun , Deheng Ye , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang , Wei Liu

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) is inherently a reactive method, operating under the assumption that it starts with no prior knowledge of the system and entirely depends on trial-and-error for learning. This approach faces several…

To overcome the sim-to-real gap in reinforcement learning (RL), learned policies must maintain robustness against environmental uncertainties. While robust RL has been widely studied in single-agent regimes, in multi-agent environments, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Laixi Shi , Eric Mazumdar , Yuejie Chi , Adam Wierman

While reinforcement learning (RL) has shown promising performance, its sample complexity continues to be a substantial hurdle, restricting its broader application across a variety of domains. Imitation learning (IL) utilizes oracles to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xuefeng Liu , Takuma Yoneda , Rick L. Stevens , Matthew R. Walter , Yuxin Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can be divided into two classes: model-free algorithms, which are sample-inefficient, and model-based algorithms, which suffer from model bias. Dyna-style algorithms combine these two approaches by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yansong Li , Zeyu Dong , Ertai Luo , Yu Wu , Shuo Wu , Shuo Han

Policy gradient reinforcement learning techniques enable an agent to directly learn an optimal action policy through the interactions with the environment. Nevertheless, despite its advantages, it sometimes suffers from slow convergence…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Mohammad G. Khoshkholgh , Halim Yanikomeroglu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a promising outer-loop intelligence paradigm which can deploy problem solving strategies for complex tasks. Consequently, DRL has been utilized for several scientific applications, specifically in cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Sahil Bhola , Suraj Pawar , Prasanna Balaprakash , Romit Maulik

Reinforcement Learning (RL) with PPO-like clip objectives has become the standard choice for reward-based fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs). Although recent work has explored improved estimators of advantages and normalization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Philipp Becker , Niklas Freymuth , Serge Thilges , Fabian Otto , Gerhard Neumann

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as an efficient method of choice for solving complex sequential decision making problems in automatic control, computer science, economics, and biology. In this paper we present a model-free RL…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Mohammadhosein Hasanbeig , Yiannis Kantaros , Alessandro Abate , Daniel Kroening , George J. Pappas , Insup Lee

We present an algorithm for local, regularized, policy improvement in reinforcement learning (RL) that allows us to formulate model-based and model-free variants in a single framework. Our algorithm can be interpreted as a natural extension…

In batch reinforcement learning (RL), one often constrains a learned policy to be close to the behavior (data-generating) policy, e.g., by constraining the learned action distribution to differ from the behavior policy by some maximum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Sungryull Sohn , Yinlam Chow , Jayden Ooi , Ofir Nachum , Honglak Lee , Ed Chi , Craig Boutilier

Model-based deep reinforcement learning has achieved success in various domains that require high sample efficiencies, such as Go and robotics. However, there are some remaining issues, such as planning efficient explorations to learn more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Yao Yao , Li Xiao , Zhicheng An , Wanpeng Zhang , Dijun Luo

While reinforcement learning (RL) methods that learn an internal model of the environment have the potential to be more sample efficient than their model-free counterparts, learning to model raw observations from high dimensional sensors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Raj Ghugare , Homanga Bharadhwaj , Benjamin Eysenbach , Sergey Levine , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Post-training methods, especially Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL), play an important role in improving large language models' (LLMs) complex reasoning abilities. However, the dominant two-stage pipeline (SFT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Mingyu Su , Jian Guan , Yuxian Gu , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective approach for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). The Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) family has demonstrated strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chenxi Liu , Junjie Liang , Yuqi Jia , Bochuan Cao , Yang Bai , Heng Huang , Xun Chen

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is one promising approach to teaching robots to perform complex tasks. Because methods that directly reuse the stored experience data cannot follow the change of the environment in robotic problems with a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Taisuke Kobayashi

Sampling-based motion planning is a well-established approach in autonomous driving, valued for its modularity and analytical tractability. In complex urban scenarios, however, uniform or heuristic sampling often produces many infeasible or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Korbinian Moller , Roland Stroop , Mattia Piccinini , Alexander Langmann , Johannes Betz

State entropy regularization has empirically shown better exploration and sample complexity in reinforcement learning (RL). However, its theoretical guarantees have not been studied. In this paper, we show that state entropy regularization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yonatan Ashlag , Uri Koren , Mirco Mutti , Esther Derman , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Shie Mannor