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In recent years, blockchain technology has been recognized as a transformative innovation in the tech world, and it has quickly become the core infrastructure of digital currencies such as Bitcoin and an important tool in various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mohsen Ghorbian , Mostafa Ghobaei-Arani

Proof-of-Work (PoW) systems face critical challenges, including excessive energy consumption and the centralization of mining power among entities with expensive hardware. Static mining pools exacerbate these issues by reducing competition…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Rizwanul Haque , SM Tareq Aziz , Tahrim Hossain , Faisal Haque Bappy , Muhammad Nur Yanhaona , Tariqul Islam

Since the invention of Bitcoin one decade ago, numerous cryptocurrencies have sprung into existence. Among these, proof-of-work is the most common mechanism for achieving consensus, whilst a number of coins have adopted "ASIC-resistance" as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Dimitris Karakostas , Aggelos Kiayias , Christos Nasikas , Dionysis Zindros

Technology has positive impacts on many aspects of our social life. Designing a 24hour globally connected architecture enables ease of access to a variety of resources and services. Furthermore, technology like Internet has been a fertile…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-04 Freya Sheer Hardwick , Apostolos Gioulis , Raja Naeem Akram , Konstantinos Markantonakis

Due to the increasing interest in blockchain technology for fostering secure, auditable, decentralized applications, a set of challenges associated with this technology need to be addressed. In this letter, we focus on the delay associated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Francesc Wilhelmi , Sergio Barrachina-Muñoz , Paolo Dini

Decentralized blockchain platforms have enabled the secure exchange of crypto-assets without the intermediation of trusted authorities. To this purpose, these platforms rely on a peer-to-peer network of byzantine nodes, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Massimo Bartoletti , Letterio Galletta , Maurizio Murgia

Bitcoin and blockchain in general is a hot topic nowadays. In the paper we propose a quantum empowering of this technology and show how to speed-up the mining procedure using the modified Grover's algorithm.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-30 D. Sapaev , D. Bulychkov , F. Ablayev , A. Vasiliev , M. Ziatdinov

Blockchain technology has been envisaged to commence an era of decentralised applications and services (DApps) without the need for a trusted intermediary. Such DApps open a marketplace in which services are delivered to end-users by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Nguyen Truong , Gyu Myoung Lee , Kai Sun , Florian Guitton , Yike Guo

Blockchain technology enables secure, transparent data management in decentralized systems, supporting applications from cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin to tokenizing real-world assets like property. Its scalability and sustainability hinge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Zan-Kai Chong , Hiroyuki Ohsaki , Bryan Ng

New technologies, such as blockchain, are designed to address various system weaknesses, particularly those related to security. Blockchain can enhance numerous aspects of traditional banking systems by transforming them into digital,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shkelqim Sherifi

Designing quantum processors is a complex task that demands advanced verification methods to ensure their correct functionality. However, traditional methods of comprehensively verifying quantum devices, such as quantum process tomography,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Keren Li , Peng Yan , Hanru Jiang , Nengkun Yu

The integration of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) into smart agriculture has enabled real-time monitoring, data collection, and automated farming operations. However, the high mobility, decentralized nature, and low-power communication of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Taimoor Ahmad

Blockchain technology has evolved through many changes and modifications, such as smart-contracts since its inception in 2008. The popularity of a blockchain system is due to the fact that it offers a significant security advantage over…

Blockchain technology is essential for the digital economy and metaverse, supporting applications from decentralized finance to virtual assets. However, its potential is constrained by the "Blockchain Trilemma," which necessitates balancing…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Yihang Fu , Mingwei Jing , Jiaolun Zhou , Peilin Wu , Ye Wang , Luyao Zhang , Chuang Hu

Bitcoin is the first successful decentralized global digital cash system. Its mining process requires intense computational resources, therefore its usefulness remains a disputable topic. We aim to solve three problems with Bitcoin and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-25 Alexander Chepurnoy , Mario Larangeira , Alexander Ojiganov

Blockchain, as the backbone technology of the current popular Bitcoin digital currency, has become a promising decentralized data management framework. Although blockchain has been widely adopted in many applications, e.g., finance,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Zehui Xiong , Yang Zhang , Dusit Niyato , Ping Wang , Zhu Han

Blockchain is rapidly emerging as an important class of network application, with a unique set of trust, security and transparency properties. In a blockchain system, participants record and update the `server-side' state of an application…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yifan Mao , Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan

The Algorand blockchain is a secure and decentralized public ledger based on pure proof of stake rather than proof of work. At its core it is a novel consensus protocol with exactly one block certified in each round: that is, the protocol…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Musab A. Alturki , Jing Chen , Victor Luchangco , Brandon Moore , Karl Palmskog , Lucas Peña , Grigore Roşu

Liquid staking has become the largest category of decentralized finance protocols in terms of total value locked. However, few studies exist on its implementation designs or underlying risks. The liquid staking protocols allow for earning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Krzysztof Gogol , Benjamin Kraner , Malte Schlosser , Tao Yan , Claudio Tessone , Burkhard Stiller

Quantum computation represents a threat to many cryptographic protocols in operation today. It has been estimated that by 2035, there will exist a quantum computer capable of breaking the vital cryptographic scheme RSA2048. Blockchain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-06 Joseph J. Kearney , Carlos A. Perez-Delgado